Therapeutics Flashcards
What are some conditions for which anti-VEGF intra-vitreal injections may be given?
CRVO, wet ARMD and diabetic macular oedema
What are some adverse effects of the use of steroid drops?
Increased risk of cataracts, glaucoma, potentiation of viral infections and poor wound healing
Corticosteroid drops should never be given in which pathology and why?
Herpes simplex keratitis, as it can precipitate the formation of a dendritic ulcer
What is the most commonly used antibiotic drop?
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol drops may not have anti-bacterial activity against which bacteria?
Strep pneumoniae or pseudomonas
Which type of antibiotic drop may be used for corneal ulcers?
Quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
What is the most commonly used anti-viral drop?
Aciclovir 3%
In what pathology should local anaesthetic drops not be used in the eye?
Corneal abrasions
If fluorescein dye is taken up by areas of epithelial loss, what colour will it stain?
Green
Mydriatic eye drops have what effect?
Cause pupillary dilatation
What is the mechanism of action of most mydriatic eye drops?
Inhibition of the parasympathetic supply to the iris
What are some side effects of mydriatic eye drops?
Blurred vision and precipitation of acute angle closure glaucoma
What is the most commonly used mydriatic eye drop that has a short duration of action?
Tropicamide
What is the most commonly used topical drug to lower IOP?
Beta blockers
What systemic treatment can be used to lower IOP?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. acetazolamide)
What systemic drug can cause the formation of red tears and staining of contact lenses?
Rifampicin
What systemic drug can cause changes in the appreciation of colour vision?
Digoxin
What type of drug is pilocarpine?
Parasympathomimetic
What topical medication can cause the iris to change from blue to brown, and can make the eyelashes thicker and longer?
Prostaglandin analogues
What medication can cause paraesthesia in the fingers/toes/lips as a side effect?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Which drugs used in chronic open angle glaucoma work by increasing the uveoscleral outflow?
Prostaglandin analogues and sympathomimetics
What type of drug is brimonidine?
Sympathomimetic
Which drugs used in chronic open angle glaucoma work by reducing the production of aqueous humour?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and beta bockers
Which drug used in chronic open angle glaucoma works by constricting the pupil and opening the trabecular meshwork?
Parasympathomimetics
