Red Eye Flashcards
In what type of blepharitis is the lid margin red with lots of scales and dandruff?
Seborrhoeic
In what type of blepharitis is the lid margin red, with distorted lashes and possible ulceration?
Staphylococcal
What are the organisms most likely to cause bacterial conjunctivitis?
Staph aureus, strep pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae
What is the most common causative organism of viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
How is bacterial conjunctivitis usually treated?
Topical antibiotic drops (usually chloramphenicol 4x daily)
How is viral conjunctivitis usually treated?
Supportive treatment only with cool compresses and lubricants
What should always be considered as a cause of conjunctivitis in young people, particularly if unresponsive to treatment with chloramphenicol?
Chlamydia
In those with shingles, vesicles present where is suggestive that there might later be eye involvement?
On the tip of the nose
When should patients with ophthalmic herpes zoster be treated with aciclovir for maximal treatment to be achieved?
Within 72 hours
People with poor contact lens hygiene are at risk of bacterial keratitis from which organism?
Pseudomonas
Hypopyon is a sign usually associated with what pathologies?
Bacterial keratitis or anterior uveitis
What investigation should be used in individuals with suspected bacterial keratitis?
Corneal scrape for microscopy, culture and sensitivity
How are patients with bacterial keratitis usually managed?
Hospital admission for hourly antibiotic drops (e.g. ofloxacin)
Which type of keratitis usually occurs when individuals who are predisposed become stressed/run down?
Herpetic keratitis
What is the main complication associated with herpetic keratitis?
Formation of a dendritic ulcer
How is herpetic keratitis treated?
Topical or oral aciclovir
What medication should never be given to individuals with herpetic keratitis?
Steroids
Which type of keratitis is usually bilateral and typically occurs following an URTI?
Adenoviral keratitis
What is the most important clinical sign of orbital cellulitis?
Pain on eye movements
Damage to what eye structures may occur in individuals with orbital cellulitis?
Optic nerve and/or medial rectus muscle
What investigation is used in individuals with suspected orbital cellulitis to identify if there is an orbital abscess?
CT
How is orbital cellulitis treated?
IV broad spectrum antibiotics
What infection of the eye typically causes extremely painful visual loss and a red eye with surgery in the preceding 10 days?
Endophthalmitis
What is the most common organism causing endophthalmitis?
Staph epidermidis
