Therapeutic Heat

Question 1

What is the depth of superficial structures in the body?

Answer 1

1-3 cm

Question 2

What is the depth of deep structures in the body?

Answer 2

1-5 cm

Question 3

How hot should a heat modality be?

Answer 3

104 - 113 degrees F

Question 4

What is the vascular effect when there is an increase in tissue temperature?

Answer 4

Increased vasodilation and increased local blood flow

Question 5

Name the steps of axon reflex when tissue is heated

Answer 5

• stimulates cutaneous theormoreceptors
• impulses via sensory afferents to spinal cord and skin blood vessels
• Vasoactive mediator released
• Vasodilation occurs

Question 6

Name the steps of chemcial mediator release when the tissue is heated

Answer 6

• Mild inflammatory reaction
• increases interstitial fluid
• smooth muscle –> histamine & Prostoglandin
• enodthelial cells –> Kallikrien and Bradykinin
• increases vasodilation

Question 7

Name the steps of local spinal reflex when the tissue is heated

Answer 7

• cutaneous afferent stimulation
• decreases postganglionic sympathetic adreeregic nerve activity to the smooth muscle of blood vessels
• No longer a local impact

Question 8

What are the psychosomatic effects of heat application

Answer 8

increases thalamus and posterior insula of the brain activity

Question 9

What is the following theory?

Increases pn threshold d/t increases thermoreceptor firing –> block primary nociceptive afferent input at dorsal horn

Answer 9

Thermal Gate Theory

Question 10

What are the factors impacting surface temp change

Answer 10

• heat intensity
• duration of heat exposure
• thermal medium

Question 11

What are the clinical considerations for superficial heat?

Answer 11

• increases temp in greatest in skin & subcutaneous tissue
• Max superficical tissue increase temp in 6-8 temp
• increased muscle tissue < superifical tissue

Question 12

What are the clinical considerations for deep heat ?

Answer 12

• during remodling phase and/or presence of tissue contractures

Question 13

What heat transfer term is this?

Kinetic motion of atoms and molecules of one object is passed on to antoerh object

Answer 13

Conduction

Question 14

What types of heat modalities are under conduction?

Answer 14

• Heat packs
• Parafin

Question 15

What heat transfer term is this

Bulk movement of moving molecules, either in liquid or gaseous form, heat is transferred from one object to another

Answer 15

Convection

Question 16

What type of heat modalites is under convection

Answer 16

• Fluidotherapy
• Whirlpool

Question 17

What heat transfer is this?

Conversion of heat energy to electromagnetic raditation, no medium

Answer 17

Radiation

Question 18

What type of heat modalities are under raditation?

Answer 18

• Infared heat lamps

Question 19

What temperature should a Hydrocullator be at?

Answer 19

158 - 167 degrees F

Question 20

How many towels should be put between body and MHP?

Answer 20

6-8 towels

Question 21

What temperature should parafin wax be at?

Answer 21

113 - 129 degrees F

Question 22

What body structures should Fluidotherapy be used on?

Answer 22

Distal UE

Question 23

What temperature should a Whirlpool be at?

Answer 23

97 - 104 degrees F