Therapeutic Exercise Flashcards
Passive ROM
movement that is produced entirely by an external force
Active ROM
momvement produced by active contraction of muscles crossing the joint
Active Assistive ROM
assistance is provided manually or mechanically by an outside force
Resistive exercise
muscle contraction is resisted by an external force
Isometric exercise
no change in length of muscle and no visiible joint motion
Isotonic exercise
equal tension
Isokinetic exercise
dynamic exercise in which velocity is predetermined and heald constant by a rate limiting device
COncentric contraction
shortening
knee extension
Eccentric contraction
lengthening
Knee flexion
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
combines functionally based diagnostic patterns of movement with techniques of neuromuscular facilitation in order to evoke motor response and improve neuromuscular control and function
Open chain
unrestriced space
Closed chain
weight bearing - body moves while distal segments are stabilized
PLyometric exercise
speed of movement is manipulated
Overload principle
guiding prnciple of ex perscription, muscle must be challened to perform at a level greater than what it is used to
SAID principle
specific adaptation to imposed demands - specificity is necessary foundation to build exercise program on
Strength
ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and result force based on depands placed on the muscle
Power
work produced by a muscle per unit of time - the rate of performing work
Endurance
ability to perform low intensity repetitive or sustained activiteis over prolonged period of time
Which is typically harder to do concentric or eccentric?
Eccentric
Modify parameters - % body weight
partial –> full –> full weight bearing + additional weight
Modify parameters - Base of support
wide –> narrow
widr –> tandum (one foot in front of other)
bilateral –> unilateral
fixed on surface –> sliding
Modify parameters - support surface
stable –> unstable
rigid –> soft
ground level height –> inc height
Modify parameters - balance
with external support –> no external support
Eyes open –> eyes closed
Modify parameters - exclusion of limb movement
taking away arm waving
small –> large ranges
short arc –> full arc
Modify parameters - plane or direction of movement
uniplanar –> multiplanar
Anterior –> post –> diagonal
Sagittal –> frontal or transverse –> side to side sliding –> lateral side up
Modify parameters - speed of movement
slow –> fast
Modify parameters - ROM
make it greater = harder
Modify parameters - type of contraction
Eccentric = harder
Goals in Acute stage
Control effects of inflammation with selective rest
Ice, compression, elevation
Prevent deleterious effects of rest with nondestructive movement, passive ROM, massage, muscle setting with caution
Isometric movements
Reduce pain and swelling
Educate on healing process
Goals in Subacute stage
Develop mobile scar, monilization of restrictions, promote healing with nondestrcutive active, resistive open and closed chain stabilization, muscular endurance, cardiopulmonary endurance, AROM PROM too Normalize gait, begin true strengthening improve neuromuscular (fluid, edema, inhibition to nerve fibers due to inflammation) so need to re-educate
Goals in Chronic Stage
Increase tensile quality of scar with progressive strengthening and endurance exercises
Develop functional independence with functional exercises and specificity drills
Aerobic (high rep, low weight for endurance)
Cumulative Trauma
from rep injury (carpel tunnel)
Educate the patient, promote healing and dec pain and iflammation, maintain integrity and mobility of tissue (PROM) posture and stabilization traning, progressing functional independence, train coordination, develop endurance, analyze job/activity (adapt home, work, sport environemnt/tools)
