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Semester 2 PM Exam 3 > Muscle Strength > Flashcards

Muscle Strength Flashcards

1
Q

Rectus Abdominis Origin

A

Pubic crest and symphysis

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2
Q

Rectus Abdominis Insertion

A

Costal cartilage of 5th - 7th ribs and xiphoid of sternum

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3
Q

Rectus Abdominis Action

A

Flexes vertebrae column, posterior pelvic tilts

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4
Q

Rectus Abdominis Nerve

A

T5-T12 rami

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5
Q

Rectus Abdominis Fucntional Deficit

A

Difficulty raising head if thorax is not fixed
Difficulty sitting from supine
Poor trunk balance
Weakness will cause anterior pelvic tilt and lordosis
Shortness can cause thoracic kyphosis

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6
Q

External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Origin

A

External surfaces of ribs 5-8 interdigitating with serratus anterior

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7
Q

External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Insertion

A

into aponeurosis ending with linea alba, fibers extend obliquely down and medially

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8
Q

External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Action

A 
Bilaterally = flex trunk, support and compress abdominal viscera, assist in respiration 
Unilaterally = with ant fibers of IO on opp side, rotate and flex vertebral column, thorax ant
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9
Q

External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Nerve

A

T5-T12

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10
Q

External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Functional Deficit

A

Severe weakness will effect cough and respiration

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11
Q

External Oblique - Lateral Fibers Origin

A

External surface of 9th rib, interdigitate with serratus ant and ext surface of ribs 10-12 interdigitating with lat

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12
Q

External Oblique - Lateral Fibers Insertion

A

Inguinal ligament, ASIS and pubic tubercle and into external lip of ant 1/2 iliac crest

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13
Q

External Oblique - Lateral Fibers Action

A 
Bilaterally = flex spine, posterior pelvic tilt
Unilaterally = with IO on same side laterally flex vertebral column, vertebral rotation
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14
Q

External Oblique - Lateral Fibers - Comment

A

Does not contract with curl-up exercise, best way to challenge is with extremity motion with abdominal stabilization, sidelying hip abduction will also facilitate the muscle, any exercise using serratus ant or lat will facilitate

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15
Q

Internal Oblique Origin

A

Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoraco lumbar fascia

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16
Q

Internal Oblique Insertion

A

Pubic crest, pectineal line and linea alba, inferior borders of 10-12 ribs

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17
Q

Internal Oblique Action - Lower fibers

A

Lower fibers support abdominal viscera

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18
Q

Internal Oblique Action Upper fibers

A

Upper fibers bilaterally flex vertebral column, support viscera, depress thorax and assist in respiration
Unilaterally with EO on opp side rotate vertebral column

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19
Q

Internal Oblique Action Lateral Fibers

A

Lateral fibers = flex vertebral column, depress thorax, unilaterally with lateral fibers of external on same side laterally flex spine

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20
Q

Internal Oblique Nerve

A

T7-T12
Iliohyppogastric
Ilioinguinal
Ventral rami

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21
Q

Internal Oblique Function

A

with weakness can get scoliosis, poor trunk balance

If IO is shortened will get a kyphosis and depressed chest

22
Q

Internal Oblique comments

A

Used primarily with curl-ups

If doing curl up excessibely may see shortness and rounded shoulder posture

23
Q

Transverse Abdominis Origin

A

inner surfaces of cartilages of lower six ribs, interdigitates with diaphragm, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4s of internal lip of iliac crest and lateral one third of inguinal ligament

24
Q

Transverse Abdominis Insertion

A

linea alba by broad aponeurosis, pubic crest and pecten pubis

25
Q

Transverse Abdominis Action

A

acts like a girdle to flatten abdominal wall, upper portion helps to decrease infrasternal angle of the ribs in expiration

26
Q

Transverse Abdominis Nerve

A

T7-12, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, ventral divisions

27
Q

Transverse Abdominis Function

A

bulging of anterior abdominal wall, indirectly leading to lumbar lordosis, attachment on thoracolumbar fascia assists with lumbar stability

28
Q

Back extensor group includes

A 
erector spinae
multifidi
rotators 
interspinales
intertransversarii
29
Q

Erector Spinae Superficial Group Origin

A

iliac crest and erector spinae aponeurosis

30
Q

Erector Spinae Superficial Group Insertion

A

ribs

31
Q

Erector Spinae Superficial Group Function

A

Extend spine even though they dont attach to spine

32
Q

Erector Spinae Superficial Group Comments

A

muscle bulk is lateral to the spinous processes and is found in the mid to upper lumber spine. Runs superiorly and posteriorly from pelvis to ribs owing to convexity of the thoracic cage. Lengthens with 1 sided anterior rotation of pelvis (gait). Contracts with sidebending and rotation to same side. Contracts with lumbar extension. Eccentric contraction during forward bending.
Helps with SI stabilization secondary to its attachment on aponeurosis causing sacral flexion and increasing tension on sacrotuberous and interosseous ligaments.

33
Q

Erector Spinae Deep Group Origin

A

ilium and deep surface of thoracolumbar fascia

34
Q

Erector Spinae Deep Group Insertion

A

transverse processes of lower lumbar vertebrae

35
Q

Erector Spinae Deep Group Comments

A

muscle fiber course is superior, medial and anterior therefore force of contraction is posterior shear and extension. Tension in muscles balance anterior shear forces generated by iliopsoas muscle and translation motion during forward bending.

36
Q

Multifidus Origin

A

dorsal surface of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

37
Q

Multifidus Insertion

A

covers surface of sacrum and runs superiorly and medially to attach to spinous processes of sacral and lumbar vertebra.

38
Q

Multifidus Function

A

controls flexion and anterior shear of spine during flexion via eccentric contraction, exerts compressive force on lumbar spine.

39
Q

Multifidus Cmment

A

if patients have pain with compression of lumbar spine (i.e. prolonged standing) contraction of back extensors accentuates the problem.

40
Q

Interspinalis and intertransversarii O and I

A

from spinous process to spinous process for the interspinalis and from transverse process to transverse process for intertransversarii.

41
Q

Interspinalis and intertransversarii FUnction

A

interspinales thought to extends spine and intertransversarii extend and laterally flex. Probably false assumption

42
Q

Interspinalis and intertransversarii Comments

A

small muscles contribution to movement is small. More important contribution is proprioceptive. They have 4-7 times the number of muscle spindles as multifidus. May be the mm most affected by manual therapy interventions

43
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Origin

A

spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vertebra, last 3-4 ribs
Through the thoracolumbar fascia from all lumbar spinous process and sacrum and posterior 1/3 of external lip of iliac crest, slip from the inferior angle of the scapula

44
Q

Lat Insertion

A

intertubercular grove of humerus

45
Q

Lat Action

A

with origin fixed medially rotates, adducts and extends the shoulder joint. Depresses shoulder girdle and assists in lateral flexion of trunk
With the insertion fixed – tilts pelvis anteriorly and laterally, acting bilaterally assists in hyperextending the spine and anteriorly tilting the pelvis

46
Q

Lat Nerve

A

thoracodorsal C6-8

47
Q

Lat function

A

weakness in arm, with C curve of spine lateral fibers of concavity are usually shortened. Anterior fibers are shortened with marked thoracic kyphosis

48
Q

Lat comments

A

most superficial of back muscles, affects back primarily through thoracolumbar fascia. If muscle is short, back extends as a compensatory movement with shoulder flexion. If the latt is stiffer than the abdominals (which limit lumbar extension) the back will extend even when the muscle is not short. If patients have low back in extension the shortness or stiffness of this muscle may contribute to pain when they reach overhead

49
Q

Iliopsoas Origin

A

anterior surfaces of Transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae, sides of vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks of last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae

50
Q

Iliopsoas Insertion

A

lessor trochanter of femur

51
Q

Iliopsoas Nerve

A

Lumbar plexus, L1-4

52
Q

Iliopsoas Action

A

with origin fixed – flexes the hip joint. With insertion fixed and acting bilaterally, provides anterior shear and compression, increases lumbar lordosis, L iliopsoas will move the lumbar spine into sidebending L and rotation R

Semester 2 PM Exam 3 (4 decks)

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