Muscle Strength Flashcards
Rectus Abdominis Origin
Pubic crest and symphysis
Rectus Abdominis Insertion
Costal cartilage of 5th - 7th ribs and xiphoid of sternum
Rectus Abdominis Action
Flexes vertebrae column, posterior pelvic tilts
Rectus Abdominis Nerve
T5-T12 rami
Rectus Abdominis Fucntional Deficit
Difficulty raising head if thorax is not fixed
Difficulty sitting from supine
Poor trunk balance
Weakness will cause anterior pelvic tilt and lordosis
Shortness can cause thoracic kyphosis
External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Origin
External surfaces of ribs 5-8 interdigitating with serratus anterior
External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Insertion
into aponeurosis ending with linea alba, fibers extend obliquely down and medially
External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Action
Bilaterally = flex trunk, support and compress abdominal viscera, assist in respiration Unilaterally = with ant fibers of IO on opp side, rotate and flex vertebral column, thorax ant
External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Nerve
T5-T12
External Oblique - Anterior Fibers Functional Deficit
Severe weakness will effect cough and respiration
External Oblique - Lateral Fibers Origin
External surface of 9th rib, interdigitate with serratus ant and ext surface of ribs 10-12 interdigitating with lat
External Oblique - Lateral Fibers Insertion
Inguinal ligament, ASIS and pubic tubercle and into external lip of ant 1/2 iliac crest
External Oblique - Lateral Fibers Action
Bilaterally = flex spine, posterior pelvic tilt Unilaterally = with IO on same side laterally flex vertebral column, vertebral rotation
External Oblique - Lateral Fibers - Comment
Does not contract with curl-up exercise, best way to challenge is with extremity motion with abdominal stabilization, sidelying hip abduction will also facilitate the muscle, any exercise using serratus ant or lat will facilitate
Internal Oblique Origin
Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoraco lumbar fascia
Internal Oblique Insertion
Pubic crest, pectineal line and linea alba, inferior borders of 10-12 ribs
Internal Oblique Action - Lower fibers
Lower fibers support abdominal viscera
Internal Oblique Action Upper fibers
Upper fibers bilaterally flex vertebral column, support viscera, depress thorax and assist in respiration
Unilaterally with EO on opp side rotate vertebral column
Internal Oblique Action Lateral Fibers
Lateral fibers = flex vertebral column, depress thorax, unilaterally with lateral fibers of external on same side laterally flex spine
Internal Oblique Nerve
T7-T12
Iliohyppogastric
Ilioinguinal
Ventral rami
Internal Oblique Function
with weakness can get scoliosis, poor trunk balance
If IO is shortened will get a kyphosis and depressed chest
Internal Oblique comments
Used primarily with curl-ups
If doing curl up excessibely may see shortness and rounded shoulder posture
Transverse Abdominis Origin
inner surfaces of cartilages of lower six ribs, interdigitates with diaphragm, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4s of internal lip of iliac crest and lateral one third of inguinal ligament
Transverse Abdominis Insertion
linea alba by broad aponeurosis, pubic crest and pecten pubis
Transverse Abdominis Action
acts like a girdle to flatten abdominal wall, upper portion helps to decrease infrasternal angle of the ribs in expiration
Transverse Abdominis Nerve
T7-12, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, ventral divisions
Transverse Abdominis Function
bulging of anterior abdominal wall, indirectly leading to lumbar lordosis, attachment on thoracolumbar fascia assists with lumbar stability
Back extensor group includes
erector spinae multifidi rotators interspinales intertransversarii
Erector Spinae Superficial Group Origin
iliac crest and erector spinae aponeurosis
Erector Spinae Superficial Group Insertion
ribs
Erector Spinae Superficial Group Function
Extend spine even though they dont attach to spine
Erector Spinae Superficial Group Comments
muscle bulk is lateral to the spinous processes and is found in the mid to upper lumber spine. Runs superiorly and posteriorly from pelvis to ribs owing to convexity of the thoracic cage. Lengthens with 1 sided anterior rotation of pelvis (gait). Contracts with sidebending and rotation to same side. Contracts with lumbar extension. Eccentric contraction during forward bending.
Helps with SI stabilization secondary to its attachment on aponeurosis causing sacral flexion and increasing tension on sacrotuberous and interosseous ligaments.
Erector Spinae Deep Group Origin
ilium and deep surface of thoracolumbar fascia
Erector Spinae Deep Group Insertion
transverse processes of lower lumbar vertebrae
Erector Spinae Deep Group Comments
muscle fiber course is superior, medial and anterior therefore force of contraction is posterior shear and extension. Tension in muscles balance anterior shear forces generated by iliopsoas muscle and translation motion during forward bending.
Multifidus Origin
dorsal surface of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS and posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Multifidus Insertion
covers surface of sacrum and runs superiorly and medially to attach to spinous processes of sacral and lumbar vertebra.
Multifidus Function
controls flexion and anterior shear of spine during flexion via eccentric contraction, exerts compressive force on lumbar spine.
Multifidus Cmment
if patients have pain with compression of lumbar spine (i.e. prolonged standing) contraction of back extensors accentuates the problem.
Interspinalis and intertransversarii O and I
from spinous process to spinous process for the interspinalis and from transverse process to transverse process for intertransversarii.
Interspinalis and intertransversarii FUnction
interspinales thought to extends spine and intertransversarii extend and laterally flex. Probably false assumption
Interspinalis and intertransversarii Comments
small muscles contribution to movement is small. More important contribution is proprioceptive. They have 4-7 times the number of muscle spindles as multifidus. May be the mm most affected by manual therapy interventions
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vertebra, last 3-4 ribs
Through the thoracolumbar fascia from all lumbar spinous process and sacrum and posterior 1/3 of external lip of iliac crest, slip from the inferior angle of the scapula
Lat Insertion
intertubercular grove of humerus
Lat Action
with origin fixed medially rotates, adducts and extends the shoulder joint. Depresses shoulder girdle and assists in lateral flexion of trunk
With the insertion fixed – tilts pelvis anteriorly and laterally, acting bilaterally assists in hyperextending the spine and anteriorly tilting the pelvis
Lat Nerve
thoracodorsal C6-8
Lat function
weakness in arm, with C curve of spine lateral fibers of concavity are usually shortened. Anterior fibers are shortened with marked thoracic kyphosis
Lat comments
most superficial of back muscles, affects back primarily through thoracolumbar fascia. If muscle is short, back extends as a compensatory movement with shoulder flexion. If the latt is stiffer than the abdominals (which limit lumbar extension) the back will extend even when the muscle is not short. If patients have low back in extension the shortness or stiffness of this muscle may contribute to pain when they reach overhead
Iliopsoas Origin
anterior surfaces of Transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae, sides of vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks of last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae
Iliopsoas Insertion
lessor trochanter of femur
Iliopsoas Nerve
Lumbar plexus, L1-4
Iliopsoas Action
with origin fixed – flexes the hip joint. With insertion fixed and acting bilaterally, provides anterior shear and compression, increases lumbar lordosis, L iliopsoas will move the lumbar spine into sidebending L and rotation R
