- tender, soft and easy to chew

THERAPEUTIC DIET 1 Flashcards by Obret' Calubaquib

It is for individuals who have difficulty in chewing but are able to tolerate a wide variety of foods:

MECHANICAL SOFT DIET

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It is for patients with poor dentures

MECHANICAL SOFT DIET

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It is for patients with general density or weakness

MECHANICAL SOFT DIET

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It is for patients with Chewing problems

MECHANICAL SOFT DIET

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Cooking techniques for MECHANICAL SOFT DIET

Grinding, Chopping, Mincing, Mashing

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MSD: To permit easy chewing…

▪ Cooking, Grinding, Chopping, Mincing, Mashing
▪ Soft in texture
▪ Foods that easily dissolved in the mouth

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MSD: To permit easy swallowing with minimal or no chewing…

▪ Pureeing
▪ Modifying to a smooth consistency
▪ Use of thickeners/thinning liquids

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ALLOWED FOODS IN MSD

tender, soft and easy to chew

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NOT ALLOWED FOODS IN MSD

large pieces of foods that are very hard and cannot be chewed easily

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Diseases who use Dysphagia Diet

Never Give Hot Soup, Careful Always
✔Nervous system disorders
✔GERD
✔Head/Spinal cord injury
✔Stroke
✔Cancer of the head, neck or esophagus
✔At risk for ASPIRATION

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SIGNS OF DYSPHAGIA

Leaky Gurgles Can Exhaust Food Weight
✔ Food or drink leaking from the mouth
✔ Gurgling voice after eating or drinking
✔ Coughing during or right after eating
✔ Extra effort or time needed to chew and swallow
✔ Frequent pneumonia, or chest congestion after eating
✔ Weight loss and dehydration

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CONSEQUENCES OF DYSPHAGIA:

✔ Decreased enjoyment from eating (Depression)
✔ Malnutrition
✔ Dehydration
✔ Aspiration pneumonia
✔ Slower wound healing

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: DESCRIPTION
consists of homogenous, and cohesive foods. Food should be “pudding-like.

NDD1: PUREED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET:
Any foods that require bolus formation, controlled manipulation, or mastication are excluded.

NDD1: PUREED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: DESCRIPTION
consists of foods that are moist, soft-textured, and easily formed into a bolus

NDD2: MECHANICALLY ALTERED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: DESCRIPTION
Meats are ground or are minced no larger than ¼-inch pieces they are still moist, with some cohesion.

NDD2: MECHANICALLY ALTERED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: DESCRIPTION
Foods still need to be moist and should be in bite-size pieces at the oral phase of the swallow.

NDD3: DYSPHAGIA ADVANCED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: DESCRIPTION
consists of food of nearly regular textures with the exception of very hard, sticky, or crunchy foods.

NDD3: DYSPHAGIA ADVANCED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: INDICATION
▪ For individuals who have moderate to severe dysphagia

NDD1: PUREED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: INDICATION
transition from the pureed textures to more solid textures. Chewing ability is required:

NDD2: MECHANICALLY ALTERED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: INDICATION
Mild to moderate oral pharyngeal dysphagia

NDD2: MECHANICALLY ALTERED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: INDICATION
Can tolerate little chewing

NDD2: MECHANICALLY ALTERED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: INDICATION
Transition to regular diet

NDD3: DYSPHAGIA ADVANCED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: INDICATION
Mild oral or pharyngeal phase dysphagia

NDD3: DYSPHAGIA ADVANCED

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NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: INDICATION Adequate dentition and mastication

NDD3: DYSPHAGIA ADVANCED

NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: FOODS ALLOWED Pureed foods

NDD1: PUREED

NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: FOODS ALLOWED Foods with minimal amount of texture

NDD2: MECHANICALLY ALTERED

NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: FOODS ALLOWED Soft or moistened bread

NDD2: MECHANICALLY ALTERED

NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: FOODS ALLOWED Soft/Cooked fruits and vegetables (non-fibrous)

NDD2: MECHANICALLY ALTERED

NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: FOODS ALLOWED Meat pieces should not exceed ¼ inch cube, tender

NDD2: MECHANICALLY ALTERED

NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: FOODS ALLOWED Canned/cooked, soft fruits and vegetables

NDD3: DYSPHAGIA ADVANCED

NATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET: FOODS ALLOWED Thinly-sliced, tender/ground meat

NDD3: DYSPHAGIA ADVANCED

RECITE/WRITE IDDSI PYRAMIDS AND CODES

DRINKS 0 - Thin TN0 1 - Slightly Thick ST1 2 - Mildly Thick MT2 3 - Moderately Thick MO3 4 - Extremely Thick EX4 FOODS 3 - Liquidized LQ3 4 - Pureed PU4 5 - Minced and Moist MM5 6 - Soft and Bite sized SB6 7- Regular/ easy to chew RG7

**Type of IDDSI Test** uses 10 mL syringe where fluid is filled to the 10 mL line and then allowed to flow for 10 sec; remaining amount of fluid defines the consistency

Flow test

**Type of IDDSI Test** requires standard fork; food is scooped onto the fork – classification is based on how it drips, if at all, through the tines

Fork drip test

**Type of IDDSI Test** uses standard fork (4 mm space between each tine); spacing serves as a measurement for adults as ‘bite-sized’; using the tines on the food and a thumb pressed on the solid portion of the fork, the way the food changes, or not, determines the food texture level

Fork pressure test

**Type of IDDSI Test** involves standard spoon used to scoop food in small mound; spoon can be tipped slightly; the manner the food falls off the spoon and maintain shape on the plate, or not, define the consistency

Spoon tilt test

**Type of IDDSI Test** similar to Finger test where food is picked up and squeezed between the chopsticks; the ability to hold shape, or not, defines the consistency

Chopstick test

items that change from one texture to another when moisture or changes in temperature are presented to the food item as such, minimal chewing may support modifying the bolus, but often the lingual pressure is sufficient

Transitional foods

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? prescribed for preoperative or postoperative patients,

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? for patients with acute gastrointestinal illness to prevent dehydration

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? when it is necessary to minimize fecal residue, such as bowel preparation for surgery

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? used to reintroduce foods following a period with no oral intake when poor tolerance or aspiration is anticipated.

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? This diet is inadequate in all nutrients for patients of all ages.

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? It is used only when absolutely necessary.

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? It should not be used more than 3 to 4 days without supplementation.

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? composed of clear liquids, transparent and liquid at body temperature.

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? to provide fluids without stimulating extensive digestive processes,

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? to relieve thirst, and to initiate oral feedings that will promote a gradual return to a normal intake of food

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? Small servings may be offered every 2 or 3 hours and at mealtime.

CLEAR LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? for the postoperative patient between the clear liquid and postsurgical soft diet

FULL LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? this diet will tend to be low in vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

FULL LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? It is recommended for temporary use only.

FULL LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? IF >7DAYS: supplementation

FULL LIQUID DIET

FULL LIQUID DIET: IF ____ DAYS: supplementation

More than 7

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? includes foods that are liquid at body temperature and tolerated by the patient.

FULL LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? includes many milk-containing food

FULL LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? Low-fat or fat-free dairy products should be considered for patients’ not tolerating fat.

FULL LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? lactose free medical nutritional supplement beverages can be useful.

FULL LIQUID DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? post surgical patients, debilitated patient to facilitate ease in eating

SOFT DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? consists of foods that are tender but not ground or pureed

SOFT DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? Transition between liquid and full diet

SOFT DIET

WHAT ARE THE FOODS ALLOWED FOR SOFT DIET?

• foods that are easily digested • Mildly flavored foods • Meat: tender

WHAT ARE THE FOODS TO AVOID FOR SOFT DIET

hard, difficult to chew and swallow oily/greasy fried highly seasoned/flavored gas forming

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? transition to a regular diet from soft diet

RESIDUE RESTRICTED DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? to reduce intestinal muscular activity

RESIDUE RESTRICTED DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? to reduce stool bulk or stool water

RESIDUE RESTRICTED DIET

What are the diseases that uses RESIDUE restricted diet

•Crohn’s disease (inflammation of the ileum) •Diverticulitis •Intestinal blockage

It is the end result of digestive, secretory, absorptive and fermentative processes

RESIDUE

How much fiber is allowed for RRD?

10-15 g fiber/day

What are the food NOT allowed in RRD?

high fiber high residue (milk) alcohol connective tissues of meat

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? contains minimal amount of indigestible CHO or dietary fiber

LOW FIBER DIET

How much fiber is required for LOW FIBER DIET?

10-15 g fiber/day

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? To avoid large fecal volume that might distend and further aggravate inflamed tissue

LOW FIBER DIET

T or F: LFD is intended for long term use

False

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? For preoperative or postoperative diet for patients undergoing abdominal procedures.

LOW FIBER DIET

Foods NOT allowed for LFD

leafy vegetables fibrous dried fruits nuts and seeds

Diseases which uses the LOW FIBER DIET

- chronic diarrhea - Ulcerative colitis - Small bowel obstruction - Inflammatory bowel syndrome -acute diverticulitis -narrowing of the intestines

Fiber requirement in High fiber diet (HFD)

20-35 g per day

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? contains increased amount of fiber

HIGH FIBER DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? Lower in calories with higher satiety

HIGH FIBER DIET

WHAT TYPE OF THERAPEUTIC DIET IS THIS? To exert a variety of physiologic and metabolic effects.

HIGH FIBER DIET

Disease where HFD is used

Obesity CVDs DM Diverticulosis

Foods allowed for LFD

No seeds and skins Removed meat’s connective tissues

Types of fiber used in HFD:

Soluble and insoluble