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PROF PRAC > THEORY OF STRUCTURES > Flashcards

THEORY OF STRUCTURES Flashcards

1
Q

structural element that is rigidly supported at one end and carries a load at the other end

A

CANTILEVER BEAM

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2
Q

unsupported end is known as the ___, and it extends beyond the support point

A

CANTILEVER

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3
Q

specialty within the field of civil eng

focuses on the framework of structures, and on designing those structures to withstand the stresses and pressures of their environment

A

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

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4
Q

field of engineering dealing with the analysis and design of structures that support or resist loads

A

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

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5
Q

based upon the physical laws and empirical knowledge of the structural performance of diff materials and geometries

A

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING THEORY

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6
Q

deals with the calculations and observations of load and stress

calculation of load coming on the members and analyze them

A

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

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7
Q

decides dimensions of the structural members by using those structural analysis findings

decides the shape and size of the structural members on the basis of calculated load from structural analysis

A

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

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8
Q

system of connected parts used to support a load

bldgs, bridges, towers

A

STRUCTURE

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9
Q

types of bridges (list at least 7)

A

TRUSS BRIDGE
ARCH BRIDGE
GIRDER BRIDGE
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
CABLE-STAYED ARCH BRIDGE
CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
CANTILEVER BRIDGE

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10
Q

structural elements:
- structural members subjected to a tensile force
- members are slender, and are often chosen from rods, bars, angles, or channels

A

TIE RODS OR BRACING STRUTS

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11
Q

usually straight horizontal members used primarily to carry vertical loads

classified according to the way they are supported

designed to resist bending moment

A

BEAMS

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12
Q

columns (give 4 types)

A

RECTANGULAR COLUMN
CIRCULAR COLUMN
AXIALLY LOADED COLUMN
REINFORCED CONCRETE

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13
Q

members that are generally vertical and resist axial compressive loads

A

COLUMNS

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14
Q

consist of slender elements, usually arranged in triangular fashion

A

TRUSSES

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15
Q

composed of members that lie in the same plane and are frequently used for bridge and roof support

A

PLANAR TRUSSES

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16
Q

have members extending in three dimensions and are suitable for derricks, and towers

A

SPACE TRUSSES

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17
Q

members that are subjected to internal axial, shear, and moment loadings

A

FRAME

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18
Q

often used in bldgs and are composed of beams and columns that are either pin or fixed connected

extended in two or three dimensions

A

FRAMES

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19
Q

two other forms of structures used to span long distances

A

CABLES AND ARCHES

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20
Q

usually flexible and carry their loads in tension

commonly used to support bridges and bldgs roofs

limited only by their sag, weight, and methods of anchorage

A

CABLES

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21
Q

achieves its strength in compression, since it has a reverse curvature to that of the cable

must be rigid to maintain its shape, and this results in secondary loadings involving shear and moment

frequently used in bridge structures

22
Q

types of loads according to nature:
- a load that doesn’t change significantly over time
- permanent, fixed-place equipment
- self-weight or superimposed

23
Q

types of loads according to nature:
any structural element consisting of the main structure such as foundations, beams, columns, and frame

A

dead load: self-weight

24
Q

types of loads according to nature:
any fixed materials or equipment that is installed after the main structural is erected

A

dead load: superimposed

25
types of loads according to nature: - also called imposed loads and they are either moving loads or movable loads that do not have any impact or acceleration - part of what an occupant brings into the bldg - furniture, movable partitions
LIVE LOAD
26
types of loads according to nature: - represents the variable and transient forces that act upon a structure
LIVE LOAD
27
types of loads according to nature: - used to refer to any pressures or forces that the wind exerts on a bldg or stucture - pressure applied due to the wind on a structure
WIND LOAD
28
types of loads according to nature: - steel structures are often subjected to wind forces - eng employ advanced wind eng techniques and wind tunnel testing to assess the impact of wind and design structures that can withstand these forces
WIND LOAD
29
types of loads according to nature: - the downward force on a bldg's roof by the weight of accumulated snow and ice - roof or the entire structure can fail if the snow load exceeds the weight the bldg was designed to shoulder
SNOW LOAD
30
types of loads according to nature: - a dynamic load, which means it brings about the vibration of structures
EARTHQUAKE/SEISMIC LOAD
31
types of loads according to nature: - experience expansion and contraction due to temperature fluctuations
TEMPERATURE LOAD
32
types of loads according to nature: - may encounter ___ load caused by moving loads, machinery vibrations, or even human activities such as dancing or exercising
DYNAMIC LOAD
33
types of loads according to application: - load acting on a small elemental area
POINT OR CONCENTRATED LOAD
34
types of loads according to application: - force that is applied evenly over the distance of a support
UNIFORM DISTRIBUTED LOAD
35
types of loads according to application: - non uniform load/varying load
TRIANGULAR TRAPEZOIDAL
36
leading authority and resource worldwide for the development distribution and adoption of consensus-based standards, technical resources, etc
AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE (ACI)
37
not for profit technical institute and trade association for the use of structural steel in the construction industry of the US
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC)
38
primary design code in the country, providing guidance to civil and structural engineers on the design and assessment of buildings and any other structures since its first edition in 1972
NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PH
39
structural elements (give 3)
ROLLER SUPPORT PIN-CONNECTED FIXED SUPPORT
40
beams depth is greater than its width because it can bear more load and develops less stress in it
TRUE
41
type of forces: applied forces and reactions forces
EXTERNAL FORCES
42
type of forces: forces and couples exerted on a member or portion of the structure by the rest of the structure
INTERNAL FORCES
43
considered to be __ if it maintains its shape and remains a rigid body when detached from the supports
INTERNALLY STABLE OR RIGID
44
considered to be __ if it cannot maintain its shape and may undergo large displacement when not supported externally
INTERNALLY UNSTABLE OR NONRIGID
45
to ensure the equilibrium of a structure or its members, it is not only necessary to satisfy the equations of equilibrium, but the members must also be properly held or constrained by their supports
STABILITY
46
2 situations for proper constraints have not been meet:
PARTIAL CONSTRAINTS IMPROPER CONSTRAINTS
47
some cases a structure or one of its members have fewer reactive forces than equations of equilibrium that must be satisfied
PARTIAL CONSTRAINTS
48
some cases there may be as many unknown forces as there are equations of equilibrium, however, instability or movement of a structure or its members can develop because of improper constraining by supports the line of forces is concurrent or parallel forces
IMPROPER CONSTRAINTS
49
if number of unknown is less than the number of equations U < E the line of forces is concurrent or parallel forces
UNSTABLE
50

PROF PRAC (8 decks)

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