theory of development Flashcards
ethical subjectivism is also known as
“moral subjectivism”
theory that assets that the basis of goodness and badness is the human agent itself
ethical subjectivism
TRUE OR FALSE:
most ethicists consider ethical subjectivism because it assures that there are no basic goods that need to br protected in the society
FALSEEEE
descriptive claim that ethical practices differ among cultures
cultural relativism
claims that because of cultural differences, basis of goodness/badness of an act is the culture of the society
ETHICAL relativism
maintains that there are moral principles that have universal validity regardless of time, space and culture, neither subjective nor culturally relative, objective
moral objectivism
process of making ethical decisions based on one’s value, beliefs and principles, ability to think critically and reflectively
moral reasoning
a psychologist and creator of theory of moral development, he believed that moral reasoning develops in stages
Lawrence Kohlberg
level 1
pre conventional morality
individuals at this stage make decisions based on fear of punishment
stage 1: punishment and obedience orientation
individuals at this stage make decisions based on self interest
stage 2: instrumental relativist orientation
level 2
conventional morality
individuals at this stage make decisions based on norms and social expectations
stage 3: interpersonal concordance, good boy/nice girl
moral development is manifested when a person is not just concerned about being punished, getting a reward, he/she simply realizes that the law must always be upheld, respected and obeyed
stage 4: law and order
level 3
post conventional morality
in this level, the person goes above and beyond what the law says
level 3
in this stage, the adult person reasons out that laws are social contract, people in the society agree to promulgate and be bound by laws not only because it ensures oder and harmony
stage 5: social contract orientation
the highest stage, only people reach this stage, the morally mature person is no longer governed by fear of punishment, the person who operates this stage is simply propelled by the right thing to do
stage 6: universal ethical principle
