theory of development

Question 1

ethical subjectivism is also known as

Answer 1

“moral subjectivism”

Question 2

theory that assets that the basis of goodness and badness is the human agent itself

Answer 2

ethical subjectivism

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE:

most ethicists consider ethical subjectivism because it assures that there are no basic goods that need to br protected in the society

Answer 3

FALSEEEE

Question 4

descriptive claim that ethical practices differ among cultures

Answer 4

cultural relativism

Question 5

claims that because of cultural differences, basis of goodness/badness of an act is the culture of the society

Answer 5

ETHICAL relativism

Question 6

maintains that there are moral principles that have universal validity regardless of time, space and culture, neither subjective nor culturally relative, objective

Answer 6

moral objectivism

Question 7

process of making ethical decisions based on one’s value, beliefs and principles, ability to think critically and reflectively

Answer 7

moral reasoning

Question 8

a psychologist and creator of theory of moral development, he believed that moral reasoning develops in stages

Answer 8

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 9

level 1

Answer 9

pre conventional morality

Question 10

individuals at this stage make decisions based on fear of punishment

Answer 10

stage 1: punishment and obedience orientation

Question 11

individuals at this stage make decisions based on self interest

Answer 11

stage 2: instrumental relativist orientation

Question 12

level 2

Answer 12

conventional morality

Question 13

individuals at this stage make decisions based on norms and social expectations

Answer 13

stage 3: interpersonal concordance, good boy/nice girl

Question 14

moral development is manifested when a person is not just concerned about being punished, getting a reward, he/she simply realizes that the law must always be upheld, respected and obeyed

Answer 14

stage 4: law and order

Question 15

level 3

Answer 15

post conventional morality

Question 16

in this level, the person goes above and beyond what the law says

Answer 16

level 3

Question 17

in this stage, the adult person reasons out that laws are social contract, people in the society agree to promulgate and be bound by laws not only because it ensures oder and harmony

Answer 17

stage 5: social contract orientation

Question 18

the highest stage, only people reach this stage, the morally mature person is no longer governed by fear of punishment, the person who operates this stage is simply propelled by the right thing to do

Answer 18

stage 6: universal ethical principle