RELIGION LONG QUIZ Flashcards
how many are believers of hinduism around the world
15%
he is a famous german philosopher and sociologist, he satisfactorily showed how protestant ethics has a direct implications to the growth of capitalism in the US
max weber
oldest among the major religions of the world
hinduism
where did Hinduism started
indus valley
derived from the name sindhu (people of the indus river), a unique religion bc it has neither a single or specific human founder nor a historical beginning
hindu
how many gods does Hinduism has
330 million of gods
he believes that there is no polytheism in india and that every hindu believes that there is but one god (brahman)
swami vivekananda
it is a sanskrit word which literally means knowledge, collection of the religious writings of ancient hindu spiritual masters
veda
the oldest among the hindu sacred scriptures
rig veda
consists of the insights of the enlightened hindu mystics and sages
upanishads
TRUE OR FALSE
in Hinduism, the universe has the beginning and will never end
false
4 common hindu assumptions
- universe has no beginning and end
- all living things undergo cycles of birth, death, rebirth
- the practice of asceticism is helpful in the goal of liberation
- the privileged members are authorized to interpret the revealed truths of the vedic scriptures
spiritual freedom
moksha
material well-being
artha
hinduism has never expressed shame about the desire for wealth
robert solomon
two reasons why businesspersons must treat the business stakeholders with honesty and fairness
- hurting others means hurting yourself also
- the law of karma
soul cannot attain liberation until you use your free will to choose rightly and perform good acts
the law of karma
pertains to the social hierarchy in the hindu society
caste system
the priests and scholars who exercise spiritual powers
brahmins / brahmanas
the administrators and the military who exercise secular powers
Kshatriyas
businesspeople and farmers whose role is to produce the material needs of the society
Vaisyas
the peasants and workers who are supposed to serve the higher castes
sudras
the lowest members of the society designated to do the dirtiest and most menial works
untouchables
originated from India and believe in the law of karma, dominant religion in china
Buddhism
he is the founder of Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
meaning of buddha
the enlightened one
TRUE OR FALSE
no one can deny that suffering is the condition of all existence
true
the eightfold path
right view
right intention
right speech
right action
right livelihood
right effort
right mindfulness
right concentration
means that one should understand that the main cause of suffering is ignorance
right view
one understands the causes of suffering, he/she must INTEND to transform those causes
right intention
one must be truthful and constructive when communicating to to others
right speech
one must avoid violent and destructive actions
right action
one’s means of substinence must not be destructive to to others
right livelihood
one must accept that the path to liberation is difficult and requires effort and perseverance
right effort
one must aspire for self awareness to fight aggression and other negative tendencies
right mindfulness
one should realize the importance of mediation in order to gain deeper insights
right concentration
it is not a religion but more of a body of philosophical readings, widely considered as an ethical system
confucianism
founder of confucianism
Confucius
chinese phrase “k’ung fu-tse” which means
master kung
most authoritative text of confucianism, composed of sayings and life of master k’ung which was compiled by his followers
the analects of confucius
central virtues of confucianism (2)
ren
li
TRUE OR FALSE
each person should aspire to attain ren because it encompasses virtues (kindness, trustworthiness, tolerance, courage, proriety, and prudence)
true
“propreity” every member belongs to a particular gender, social position and role, correct ways of living according to his/her social position
li
TRUE OR FALSE
the confucian ideal of LI lead its followers to give higher priority to character and virtues over and above the pursuit of profit
false (REN)
two types of individuals in confucianism
gentleman
small man
whose conduct is governed by moral principles
gentleman
whose character is driven by profit
small men
pertains to “submission to god”, the second largest religion next to christianity
islam
followers of islam are called
muslims
islam’s holy prophet who was believed to have received revelations from Allah
muhammad
sacred law/islamic legal or social system whose main purpose is the advancement of goodness for humankind and the protection from evil
shariah
major written text of shariah
quran
sunnah
islam’s holy book
quran
life of the prophet
sunnah
general ethical rule of islam
whatever leads to welfare of individual/society is morally good and whatever is injurious is morally bad
five pillars of islam
shahadah
salat
zakat
sawm
hajj
declaration of faith in one god
shahadah
facing the direction of mecca to pray 5 times
salat
islamic tax or also called as purification tax
zakat
9th month of the year when muslim are obligated to fast
sawm
pilgrimage to mecca, atleast once in their life,every muslim is instructed to go to mecca to pray and proclaim their faith to Allah
hajj
birthplace of prophet muhammad and the most sacred spot on earth, spiritual destination for muslims
mecca
legitimate earnings, trade contact with mutual consent, truthfulness in business dealings etc
halal (lawful)
riba (all forms of interest), business activities involving prohibited items, the sale of al ghahar such as insurance and other financial derivatives; indiscriminate price-fixing, hoarding etc
haram
four commonalities among the religions
justice
mutual respect
stewardship
honesty
oldest among major monotheistic religions
judaism
jewish bible (____ torah), _____ (oral torah)
written, talmud
tells the story of how God (Yahweh) made a covenant with Abraham and his descendants, the record of the faith-experience of the jews
jewish bible
5 prominent themes in jewish ethics
right action
free choice
balance
covenant
dialogue
clear preference for appropriate actions and deeds (judaism)
right action
stresses human freedom which pertains to each person’s inherent capability to choose his/her course of action freely
free choice
in jewish thought “neither selfless love nor selfish love is seen as ideal”
balance
the central of jewish ethics, defined formally as a voluntary agreement among independent but equal agents to create a shared community
covenant
pertains to practice of open and free dialogue, affirms that the contemporary discussion on corporate transparency and accountability will be avoided
dialogue
world’s largest religion, seen as a descendants of judaism
christianity
sectors of christianity
roman catholicism
protestantism
anglicanism
eastern orthodox
center of christian faith, a jewish man born more than 2000 years ago in israel
Jesus Christ
christ came from the greek word “cristos” which means
the anointed one
center of teachings of christianity
holy bible
the creation of earth through noah and the flood, moses and more, finishing with the jews being expelled to babylon
old testament
life, teachings and mission of jesus christ and the ministry of His disciples in promoting the spread of the early christian church
new testament
common biblical themes relevant to the conduct of business
love one’s neighbor
value of human labor
notion of private property
christian businessperson who is faithful to the biblical exhortation to love one’s neighbor
the commandment to love one’s neighbor
since man is created in the image and likeness of God, he/she is mandated as well to be an active worker
value of human labor
challenged to continue working to improve and perfect God’s unifinished creation
human labor
under fair and just social relationships the person who labors must enjoy the fruits of his/her labor
notion of private property
one of the manifestations of person’s efforts, perseverance and industry
private property
God is the owner of all creation, thus private ownership cannot be understood apart from the notion of justice, social responsibility and environment sustainability
biblical texts
