Theory of Design - Part 5of5 Philosophical Ideas in Architecture

Question 1

Author of Ten Books on Architecture (De Architectura)

Answer 1

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

Question 2

Author of Poetry of Architecture

Answer 2

John Ruskin

Question 3

Argues that buildings should be sympathetic to their environment.

Answer 3

John Ruskin

Question 4

Conservation is a state of harmony between men and land.

Answer 4

Aldo Leopold

Question 5

The science of human settlements.

Answer 5

Ekistics

Question 6

Coined the term Ekistics

Answer 6

Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis

Question 7

5 Ekistic Elements

Answer 7

Nature/ Anthropos/ Society/ Shells/ Networks

Question 8

Art school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts. Also known as the House of Construction.

Answer 8

Bauhaus (Staatliches Bauhaus)

Question 9

Founder of Staatliches Bauhaus.

Answer 9

Walter Gropius

Question 10

The Bauhaus school existed in these three German cities.

Answer 10

Weimar/ Dessau/ Berlin

Question 11

Three architect-directors of the Bauhaus

Answer 11

Walter Gropius/ Hannes Meyer/ Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Question 12

Architect-director of Bauhaus from 1919-1928

Answer 12

Walter Gropius

Question 13

Architect-director of Bauhaus from 1928-1930

Answer 13

Hannes Meyer

Question 14

Architect-director of Bauhaus from 1930-1933 when it was closed due to pressure from the Nazi-led government.

Answer 14

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Question 15

Less is more.

Answer 15

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Question 16

Architectural Philosophy which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world.

Answer 16

Organic Architecture

Question 17

Coined the term Organic Architecture

Answer 17

Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 18

Major Architectural Style which emerged in the 1920s and 1930s. This style is characterized by rectilinear forms/ absence of ornamentation and decoration/ open interior spaces/ cantilever construction. Characteristic materials are glass and steel in combination with usually less visible reinforced concrete.

Answer 18

Modernism/ International Style

Question 19

Who defined the International Style in 1932?

Answer 19

Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson

Question 20

Architectural movement in the late 20th century often associated with deconstruction and post-structuralism. Challenged the antiquated and totalitarian characteristic of Modernism.

Answer 20

Post-modernism

Question 21

Less is a bore.

Answer 21

Robert Venturi

Question 22

Approach to architecture that strives to counter the placelessness and lack of identity of the International Style while also rejecting the whimsical individualism and ornamentation of Postmodern Architecture.

Answer 22

Critical Regionalism

Question 23

Derived from the works of Jacques Derrida in 1967. This philosophy denies the possibility of pure presence.

Answer 23

Deconstruction

Question 24

The use of sensory experiences to view and interpret things (intuition).

Answer 24

Phenomenology

Question 25

The spirit of place.

Answer 25

Genus Loci

Question 26

Chinese philosophy of geomancy. The creation of designed environment in harmony with nature.

Answer 26

Feng Shui

Question 27

Invisible running streams of energies.

Answer 27

Qi or Chi

Question 28

Forceful energy

Answer 28

Sha Qi or Sha Chi

Question 29

2 Theories/Schools of Feng Shui

Answer 29

Form Theory/ Compass Theory

Question 30

The oldest school of Feng Shui. Originally concerned with the location and orientation of tombs. Progressed to the consideration of homes and other buildings. Considers the five celestial animals (phoenix/ green dragon/ white tiger/ black turtle/ yellow snake); the polarity (yin and yang); and the traditional five elements (wood/ fire/ earth/ metal/ water).

Answer 30

Form Theory

Question 31

The theory/school of Feng Shui characterized by the collection of more recent techniques based on the eight cardinal directions which possesses unique qi. Emphasis on mathematical calculation. Includes techniques such as the Flying Star and the Eight Mansions.

Answer 31

Compass Theory

Question 32

Feng Shui principle of balance. Everything in the universe comes in pairs.

Answer 32

Yin and Yang

Question 33

Feng Shui 5 basic elements.

Answer 33

wood/ fire/ earth/ metal/ water

Question 34

Element representing feminity.

Answer 34

Wood

Question 35

Element representing intelligence.

Answer 35

Fire

Question 36

Element representing stability and endurance.

Answer 36

Earth

Question 37

Element representing money/business/masculinity.

Answer 37

Metal

Question 38

Element representing flow.

Answer 38

Water

Question 39

Productive sequence of elements

Answer 39

Wood Fire Earth Metal Water

Question 40

Destructive sequence of elements

Answer 40

Wood Earth Water Fire Metal