Theory of Design - Part 3of5 Theories from Environmental Psychology

Question 1

Architecture is always created perceived and experienced in relation to the self. The self has 4 levels which are:

Answer 1

Body/ Gender/ Emotions/ Spirit

Question 2

The belief that the human being is the most important entity in the universe. The world is perceived according to the values and experiences of the human being.

Answer 2

Anthropocentrism

Question 3

Human qualities are associated with non-human entities/events such as form/values/emotions.

Answer 3

Anthropomorphism

Question 4

Study of measurements of the human body.

Answer 4

Anthropometrics

Question 5

An applied science concerned with the characteristics of people that need to be considered in the design of devices and systems in order that people and things will interact effectively and safely.

Answer 5

Ergonomics

Question 6

Architecture characterized by aggression or extroversion (e.g. Skyscrapers)

Answer 6

Masculine Architecture

Question 7

Architecture characterized by introspection (social and introverted)

Answer 7

Feminine Architecture

Question 8

Architecture characterized by having both masculine and feminine qualities (convertible spaces)

Answer 8

Gay Architecture

Question 9

Architecture characterized by having neither masculine nor feminine qualities (unidentifiable spaces)

Answer 9

Androgynous Architecture

Question 10

Study of spatial separation of people.

Answer 10

Proxemics

Question 11

He described the culturally specific temporal and spatial dimensions that surround people (distance zones).

Answer 11

Dr. Edward T. Hall Jr.

Question 12

Distance Zone: Intimate (Close Phase)

Answer 12

0-6in (0m - 0.15m) (half tile)

Question 13

Distance Zone: Intimate (Far Phase)

Answer 13

6in - 1ft 6in (0.15m - 0.45m) (1 and half tiles)

Question 14

Distance Zone: Personal (Close Phase)

Answer 14

1ft 6in - 2ft 6in (0.45m - 0.76m) (2 and half tiles)

Question 15

Distance Zone: Personal (Far Phase)

Answer 15

2ft 6in - 4ft (0.76m - 1.22m) (4 tiles)

Question 16

Distance Zone: Social (Close Phase)

Answer 16

4ft - 7ft (1.22m - 2.13m) (7 tiles)

Question 17

Distance Zone: Social (Far Phase)

Answer 17

7ft - 12ft (2.13m - 3.65m) (12 tiles)

Question 18

Distance Zone: Public (Close Phase)

Answer 18

12ft - 25ft (3.65m - 7.62m) (25 tiles)

Question 19

Distance Zone: Public (Far Phase)

Answer 19

25ft and above (7.62m and above) (25 tiles and above)

Question 20

Distance Zone: Intimate

Answer 20

0 - 1ft 6in (0mm - 0.45m)

Question 21

Distance Zone: Personal

Answer 21

1ft 6in - 4ft (0.45m - 1.22m)

Question 22

Distance Zone: Social

Answer 22

4ft - 12ft (1.22m - 3.65m)

Question 23

Distance Zone: Public

Answer 23

12ft and above (3.65m and above)

Question 24

The region surrounding a person which they regard as psychologically theirs

Answer 24

Personal space

Question 25

Spaces that encourage people to gather and communicate

Answer 25

Sociopetal spaces

Question 26

Spaces that discourages people to gather and communicate (separates people).

Answer 26

Sociofugal spaces

Question 27

Denotes ownership and/or rights to a place.

Answer 27

Territory

Question 28

Staking claims (of a property) for control (defense against intrusion) or expression of aesthetics.

Answer 28

Personalization

Question 29

Architecture which allows personalization (e.g. low-cost housing allowing homeowners to dress up their houses)

Answer 29

Soft Architecture

Question 30

The ability to control your interactions with others.

Answer 30

Privacy

Question 31

4 Kinds of Privacy

Answer 31

Solitude/Intimacy/Anonymity/Reserve

Question 32

Privacy: free from observation by others

Answer 32

Solitude

Question 33

Privacy: with another person but free from outside world

Answer 33

Intimacy

Question 34

Privacy: unknown even in a crowd (e.g. choosing a solo table in a library)

Answer 34

Anonymity

Question 35

Privacy: person employs psychological barriers to control unwanted intrusions (e.g. wearing sunglasses or earphones)

Answer 35

Reserve

Question 36

The opposite of privacy. Too many people in a space resulting to the feeling of lack of control over the environment. May lead to negative behavior.

Answer 36

Social overcrowding

Question 37

Proponent of the Hierarchy of Needs theory

Answer 37

Abraham Maslow

Question 38

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: The need for shelter.

Answer 38

Physiological

Question 39

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: The need to be safe from physical harm.

Answer 39

Security

Question 40

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: The need to be part of the society.

Answer 40

Social acceptance/affiliation

Question 41

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: The need to feel good about one's self.

Answer 41

Self-esteem

Question 42

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: The need to realize one's full potential or achieve one's dreams.

Answer 42

Self-actualization

Question 43

Organization/identificaiton/interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment.

Answer 43

Perception

Question 44

The mental process by which we acquire knowledge.

Answer 44

Cognition

Question 45

Anything that represents (by association/resemblance/convention) or suggests an idea/visual image/belief/action/material entity.

Answer 45

Symbol

Question 46

The science of signs and how the mind turns symbols into meanings.

Answer 46

Semiotics

Question 47

Theory derived from German term for shape or form. This perception theory tries to understand the laws of our ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world (distinct from what others perceive).

Answer 47

Gestalt Theory of Perception

Question 48

The conditions in the environment affect the way an object is perceived (e.g. The Falling Water is not as pretty during winter).

Answer 48

Ecological Theory of Perception

Question 49

Perception theory based on the notion that perception results from acquired but unconscious assumptions about the environment (represented as probabilities of transactions occurring within it). Recognizes the role of experience

Answer 49

Transactional Theory of Perception

Question 50

Branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art/beauty/taste with a view to establish the meaning and validity of critical judgments concerning works of art.

Answer 50

Aesthetics

Question 51

Approach to aesthetics derived from personal beliefs or ideas.

Answer 51

Speculative Aesthetics

Question 52

Speculative Aesthetics: 2 Approaches

Answer 52

Philosophical/ Scientific

Question 53

Philosophical Speculative Aesthetics: 4 Approaches

Answer 53

Hermeneutic/ Phenomenological/ Existential/ Political (Marxist)

Question 54

Philosophical Speculative Aesthetics: Interpretation of the environment as a text (We appreciate things if they portray easily understandable story or literature).

Answer 54

Hermeneutic

Question 55

Philosophical Speculative Aesthetics: Intuitive insight into relationships of person and environment (We appreciate something just because of our instinct or just because we do).

Answer 55

Phenomenological

Question 56

Philosophical Speculative Aesthetics: Creative act and creative artifact (we appreciate uniqueness as opposed to mass produced).

Answer 56

Existential

Question 57

Philosophical Speculative Aesthetics: Representation of class struggle

Answer 57

Political (Marxist)

Question 58

Scientific Speculative Aesthetics: 4 Approaches

Answer 58

Psychoanalytic/ Psychological/ Organismicist/ Formist

Question 59

Scientific Speculative Aesthetics: Creation as chatartic act (chatarsis = outpouring of emotions).

Answer 59

Psychoanalytic

Question 60

Scientific Speculative Aesthetics: 2 Types of Psychological approach

Answer 60

Mechanistic/ Contextual

Question 61

Scientific Speculative Aesthetics: Psychological approach - stimulation thru single sensation

Answer 61

Mechanistic

Question 62

Scientific Speculative Aesthetics: Psychological approach - beauty from everyday/ordinary life/nature

Answer 62

Contextual

Question 63

Scientific Speculative Aesthetics: The fusion of body and soul or shell and core (We appreciate something if we are aware of its deeper meaning).

Answer 63

Organismicist

Question 64

Scientific Speculative Aesthetics: Expressive value of patterns or forms (We appreciate something if it forms recognizable patterns).

Answer 64

Formist

Question 65

Scientific approach to aesthetics.

Answer 65

Empirical Aesthetics

Question 66

Empirical Aesthetics: 4 Approaches

Answer 66

Information-theory/ Semantic/ Semiotic/ Psychobiological

Question 67

Empirical Aesthetics: Environment as a set of images that act as stimuli (We respond to all the details of the image).

Answer 67

Information-theory Approach

Question 68

Empirical Aesthetics: Meaning of environmental elements (We appreciate something if we simple know the meaning).

Answer 68

Semantic Approach

Question 69

Empirical Aesthetics: Cultural learned meanings (meanings are not universal but cultural).

Answer 69

Semiotic Approach

Question 70

Empirical Aesthetics: Neurophysiological processes of brain.

Answer 70

Psychobiological Approach

Question 71

Denotes stable combination of activity and place.

Answer 71

Behavior setting

Question 72

The main component of Behavior Setting (what activity).

Answer 72

Standing Pattern of Behavior (SPB)

Question 73

Component of Behavior Setting which acts as the physical support (where the activity is conducted).

Answer 73

Milieu

Question 74

Micro-behaviors

Answer 74

Actones