Theory & Key Focus / Problems Flashcards
Person-Centered
(Carl Rogers)
Problems Reflect Incongruence:
1. Gap between real self (who we are) and ideal self (Who we are trying to be)
2. Early age experience conditions of worth
3. Other directed vs self directed
4. Low self-regard
Third-Wave
(Steve Hayes, Russ Harris)
Psychological Inflexibility:
~emotional
~cognitive
~attentional
~failures in perspective taking
~lack of chosen values
~inability broaden & build habits of values-based action
Inflexibility: FEAR
F - fusion of thought - can’t separate self from thoughts
E - evaluation of experience - critical of self
A- avoidance of experience - don’t allow feelings or experiences
R- reason giving for behavior - provide excuses for avoidance
Flexibility: ACT
A - accept your thought and feelings, be present
C - choose a valued direction in alignment with values
T - take action
Psychodynamic
(Adler)
Problems reflect INTERNALIZED representation of self, other and world we were shaped by in EARLY CHILDHOOD experiences and relationships. This DISTORTS current experiences of self, other and world.
Adlerian
(Alfred Adler)
Inferiority, Striving for Superiority and Social Interest
Inferiority: feeling of inadequacy
Superiority: motive to move from feeling inferior to superiority (competence, belonging, significance)
Social Interest: motive to strive for superiority in a way that contributes to others and society.
Feminist (Gilligan, MIller)
Multicultural (Sue, Greene and Comas-diaz)
Problems created and influenced by problematic social and cultural structures and forces.
Privilege
Oppression
Personal is political
Distress trying to adapt & cope with pressive systems
Behavior
(Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura, Wolpe)
Problems reflect:
- learned behavior (over time)
- maladaptive (undesirable) behavior reinforced
- adaptive (desirable) behavior not sifficiently introduced or maintained
People can’t / won’t do better until they are taught or learned how to do better
Systemic
Problems maintained by restrictive and redundant cycles/patterns/of interaction happening between people that compromise a system
“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”
“To understand behavior, it must be viewed in context”
Cognitive
(Ellis, Beck)
Problems reflect our thoughts and interpretations of events
irrational & inflexible thoughts
“must, should, have to, go to”
self-defeating thoughts
A - B - C Theory
Activating Event
Belief
Consequence
Gestalt
(Fritz, Perls)
“not ‘in contact’ with themselves and the situation
restricts awareness
hinders fulfilling needs & connecting with self & others
Existential
(Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sarte, Nietzche, Buber, Binswanger, Boss, May, Frankl, Bugental, Yalom, Schneider)
Inauthenticity
Givens of existence
(Death, Freedom, Isolation, Meaninglessness)
Choices ….. Anxiety
Existential - Levels of Existence
Mitwelt - With World (People)
Uberwelt - Over World (Spiritual, Meaning)
Umwelt - World Around Us (Nature, Physical,Biology)
Eigenwelt - Own World (Self, Thoughts)
Gestalt - Levels of Psychopathy
(Fritz, Perls)
- explosive - true self
- implosive - aware but not ready
- impasse - knowledge but afraid to act
- phobic - avoid painful feelings
- phony - inauthentic
Gestalt - Contact Boundary Disturbance
(Fritz, Perls)
- introjection
- projection
- retroflection
- confluence
Solution-Focused (Costructive)
(Shazer, Berg)
problem-focused constructions and conversations
problem-talk
Narrative (Constructive)
(White, Epston)
problem-focused constructions and conversations
problem-saturated stories
