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Computer Science GCSE OCR > Theory Flashcards Paper 1 > Flashcards

Theory Flashcards Paper 1

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1
Q

What is the hardware within a computer system or smartphone which carries out the instructions of a computer program ?

A

The CPU

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2
Q

What does CPU stand for?

A

Central processing unit

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3
Q

When talking about a CPU what does ALU stand for?

A

Arithmetic logic unit

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4
Q

What are the 3 main components of a CPU

A

Control unit, Memory unit and ALU

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5
Q

When talking about a CPU what is the function of the ALU?

A

performs arithmetic and logical operations

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6
Q

When talking about a CPU what is the function of the control unit?

A

extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them

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7
Q

Complete the cycle of the CPU – Fetch…..

A

Fetch, decode, execute

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8
Q

Where does the CPU fetch instructions from

A

Main memory (RAM)

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9
Q

When talking about a computer system what is memory?

A

A temporary storage

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10
Q

What 3 things might you find stored in Memory?

A

Instructions, Commands and the operating system

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11
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random Access Memory

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12
Q

What does ROM stand for?

A

Read Only Memory

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13
Q

What is stored in ROM?

A

The boot files for the computer

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14
Q

Name 2 differences between RAM and ROM?

A

Ram is Volatile, ROM is non Volatile, contents of RAM change frequently, contents of ROM never change

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15
Q

What is the type of memory used in the main memory ?

A

RAM

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16
Q

When referring to computer memory what is meant by Random Access?

A

You can write anywhere in that memory space at any time

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17
Q

When discussing memory what is meant by volatile?

A

It requires power and loses its content if there is no power

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18
Q

Is RAM volatile or non-volatile?

A

Volatile

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19
Q

What is virtual memory?

A

A part of the hard drive used as memory when memory has become full

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20
Q

When would you need to use virtual memory?

A

If memory is full. When you want to open a program that doesn’t fit in remaining memory space.

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21
Q

What does 3MGz mean?

A

It is the clockspeed of the computer, it can complete 3 million cycles per second

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22
Q

How does cache size affect the performance of a computer?

A

The larger the size of the cache, the more instructions can fit in it, the quicker the CPU can process the instructions

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23
Q

A computer has a quad core processor, what does this mean?

A

The computer has 4 separate cores, each capable of running cycles, so more cycles can be run simultaneously ge frequently, contents of ROM never change

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24
Q

How does having more RAM improve the performance of a computer?

A

It can load more programs and data at the same time

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25
Q

Name the type of secondary storage that is built into a computer system

A

Hard disk drive, magnetic hard disk

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26
Q

Is a hard disk drive volatile or non volatile?

A

Non-volatile

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27
Q

What is optical storage?

A

CDs, DVDs

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28
Q

What does DVD stand for?

A

Digital video disc

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29
Q

Who might use Flash Memory and why?

A

Anyone who needs to transfer data from one place to another

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30
Q

What type of memory does a USB stick use?

A

Flash memory or Solid State memory

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31
Q

What does USB stand for?

A

Universal Serial Bus

32
Q

Flash memory is also known as what?

A

Solid state memory

33
Q

What does the SD stand for in SD card

A

Secure digital

34
Q

What type of memory is used in smartphones and tablets?

A

Flash memory

35
Q

What does the RW stand for in DVD-RW?

A

Re-writable

36
Q

What is the difference between a DVD-R and a DVD-RW

A

DVD-R can only be written to once

37
Q

What is a solid state drive?

A

A form of flash memory, portable storage that does not use magnetic tape like a HDD

38
Q

What is cloud storage?

A

Online storage

39
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of cloud storage

A

Advantages:
Cheap; automatically backed up; secure, extendable,
easily accessible

Disadvantages:
Relies on internet access, requires password access; speed depends upon the internet connection speed
company policy, hacking, DPA,

40
Q

What is an input device?

A

A device used to get data into the computer system

41
Q

What is an output device?

A

A device that displays or communicates the processed data

42
Q

Do input devices deal with analogue or digital data?

A

Analogue

43
Q

Name a type of input device that could be used by someone who is blind

A

Braille keyboard, microphone (voice recognition)

44
Q

What input devices would a central heating system use?

A

Temp sensor (thermometer), timer, dial, keypad

45
Q

What am I: I am used to control wheelchairs and to remotely control lights, security cameras and robots. I am used in home entertainment systems like the XBOX and PS3.

A

Joystick – games controller

46
Q

What type of device is a digital camera?

A

Input device

47
Q

Name 2 features of a hard drive

A

Large capacity, fairly cheap, magnetic storage, not portable

48
Q

Name 2 features of a CD-ROM

A

Small and portable, can be used on most devices, Read only so cannot be copied over, small capacity.

49
Q

Name 2 features of a solid state drive

A

Very portable, good for carrying work.

50
Q

Give an example of magnetic storage

A

Hard drive, magnetic tape

51
Q

State 2 functions of an operating system

A

Provide a user interface. Provide a platform for applications to run. Perform memory management, perform file/disk management

52
Q

Name 2 different operating systems

A

Windows, iOS, Android, Linux, Ubuntu

53
Q

Explain multi-tasking

A

Allows more than 1 process to run at the same time in order to maximize computer resources.

54
Q

Name 2 utility programs and their uses

A

System cleanup - (Searches for and) deletes files/programs which are no longer used Automatic update - Checks on the (software manufacturer’s site on the) Internet for newer versions of programs which are installed Disk defrag - cleanup the hard drive, move files, Anti Virus

55
Q

Why would a company need custom written software?

A

If software does not exist to do the job the company wants. If the software that does exist doesn’t do exactly what they need

56
Q

What do we mean by Off the Shelf software?

A

Software that is available in shops

57
Q

Give an example of off the shelf software

A

Excel, Access, Word etc

58
Q

State two features of open source software

A

Is free to use, lots of people contribute to it, doesn’t need a license

59
Q

What is software?

A

Programs that run on the computer

60
Q

Why do we use compression when sending files over the Internet ?

A

Reduce transmission times, save storage space

61
Q

What type of software is needed for a computer to communicate with a device such as a printer

A

Device driver – driver software

62
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit performs logical operations and calculations

63
Q

Accumulator

A

Store the intermediate results of these operations

64
Q

Avg amount of data saved on the following

CD / USB / DVD / External drive/ Floppy Disc

A 
CD Around 700MB
USB -  >2GB
DVD - up to 4.7 GB
External drive - over 128 GB 
Floppy disc- 800KB
65
Q

Order these in cost order lowest to highest

CD / USB / DVD / External drive

A

CD
DVD
USB
External drive

66
Q

what is a NIC

A

Network Interface controller

67
Q

what is peer to peer network

A

have no centralised management

68
Q

What is Client server network

A

central server to deploy and manage security , backup , software

69
Q

disadvantage of P2P network

A

One computer could slow down the whole network

Loss of one server will lose the network

70
Q

TCP / IP

A

Point to point no loss of data between connects eg Internet (Transmission Control Protocol) – port – all

71
Q

Pop3

A

Recevie email from Email server . Copy not saved on server (Post office protocol) port 110

72
Q

STMP

A

Send Email from client to server and servers to server - port 25

73
Q

Imap

A

Download email from server . server will hold a copy until user deletes

74
Q

UDP

A

Just like TCP/IP but loss of packets is allowed. EG Youtube video (User Datagram Protocol)

75
Q

HTTP / HTTPS

A

Internet web pages – 80

76
Q

FTP / FTPS

A

File transfer procotol -

Computer Science GCSE OCR (6 decks)

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