theory Flashcards
criminality and social deprivation
lea and young- left realism
social deprivation causes criminality
focus on de-marginalisation to preempt crime
issues of social deprivation theory
lack of evidence that poor people commit more crime
ignores white collar crimes
social deprivation more common in BME making it about race
police perspectives
neutral
impartial
carry out duties without discretion
colourblind
colonial tropes of black criminality
intersectional: association between black masculinity and criminality
colonial context- black men seen as a sexual threat
slave plantations - threat of rebellion and violence present
essentialised as dangerous and threatening to the white way of life.
meaning and role of race in policing
1) occupational subcultures
must take role of subculture into account\
race is key categorising principle
X reinforces stereotypes
2) racialised inner city
white flight
Halls policing the crisis, mugging as a moral panic
institutional racism impact on victims
not just stop and searches
less likely to report a crime if you feel under suspicion
less likely to be believed
more likely to be criminalised- even as a victim
more likely to be blamed
white suspects are more likely to be protected
how to challenge institutional racism
introduce independent police complaint procedures
address division between senior and rank and file police officers
reduces pressures of a performance culture and emphasis on targets
critically review current policies e.g increasing BME officers
Lea- institutional racism
“institutional therefore identities the source of the differential treatment; this lies in some sense within the organisation rather than simply with the individuals who represent it.”
significance of the CJS
major institution of the state
a barometer for assessing treatment of minority groups in society
process that results in discriminatory outcomes
reveals how groups are criminalised
major reports/ cases
Lammy review 2017 Scarman report 1981 murder of stephen lawrence 1993 macpherson inquiry 1999 Christopher alder 1998