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ASWB exam > Theory > Flashcards

Theory Flashcards

1
Q

problem solving process

A 
Engagement
Assessment
Planning
Intervention 
Evaluation 
Termination
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2
Q

systems theory

A

system is a theory that works together

  • larger context (families, community, society, etc)
  • whole system changes when one does
  • tend towards equillibrium
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3
Q

closed system

A

uses up energy and dies

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4
Q

differentiation

A

becoming specialized in structure and function

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5
Q

entropy

A

closed, disorganized, stagnant

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6
Q

equifinality

A

arriving at same end from different beginning

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7
Q

input

A

obtaining resources from the environment that are necessary to attain goals of the system

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8
Q

negative entropy

A

exchange of energy and resources

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9
Q

suprasystem

A

an entity that is served by a number of component systems organized in interacting relationships

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10
Q

throughput

A

energy that is integrated into the system so it can be used by the system to accomplish its goals

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11
Q

negative feed back looks

A

maintain stability / homeostasis

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12
Q

positive feed back loops

A

patterns of interaction that facilitate change or movement towards growth

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13
Q

hierarchies in families

A

how families organize themselves into smaller units or subsystems that comprise the larger family system
-when members or tasks associated with these subsystems get blurred, families often have difficultues (e.g. child becomes involved in marital issues)

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14
Q

interdependence

A

(family systems)

-what happens to one family member or what one family member does influences other family members

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15
Q

family therapy

A

social roles and interpersonal interaction are the focus of treatment
-Goal: new communication patterns

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16
Q

strategic family therapy

A

active role; brief; directive; task centered

  • SW formulates problem in solvable, behavioral terms
  • SW takes responsibility for directly influencing people

-tx focuses on altering feedback cycle

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17
Q

first order changes

A

(strategic) superficial behavioral changes within a system that do not change the structure of the system

18
Q

second order changes

A

(strategic fam therapy) changes to the systematic interaction pattern so the system is reorganized and functions more effectively

19
Q

relabeling

A

(strategic family therapy) changing label attached to person or problem from negative to positive

20
Q

paradoxical directive

A

prescribe the symptomatic behavior so client realizes he or she can control it (uses strength of resistance to change )

21
Q

structural family therapy

A

(minuchin) streses importance of family organization
- interpersonal boundaries define members and promote differentiation + autonomous functioning
ex) dysfunction often results from rigid enmeshment or disengagement
- boundaries must be permeable enough to maintain well-functioning open system
- hierarchical organization in families maintained by generational boundaries

22
Q

restructuring

A

(structural family) based on observing and manipulating interactions within therapy (enactments)

23
Q

family structure

A

invisible set of functional demands organizing interactions among members

24
Q

behavioral theories

A

operant conditioning (skinner)
-stimuli precede behaviors which in turn are followed by consequences
punishment - always aim to decrease behaviors
reinforcement - always to increase behaviors

respondant conditioning (pavlov)

  • pair neutral stimuli with involuntary stimulu
    e. g. dog, food, bell
25
Q

reinforcement

A

-increase behaviors
positive: increase prob that behavior will occur
negative - behavior increases because negative stimulus is removed (remove shock)

26
Q

punishment

A

positive - presentation of undesirable stimulus followed behavior for purpose of decreasing (i.e. hitting)
negative - removal of desirable stimulus (removing dessert)

27
Q

bowenian

A

not symptom reduction
-interested in intergenerational transmission
differentiation
emotional fusion
emotional triangle (3rd party brought to ease anxiety)
nuclear family
sibling position (determines trianges sometimes)
societal regression - society is a family

28
Q

multigenerational transmission

A

gives the present a context in history

-can help SW to understand differentiation in the system

29
Q

problem solving process

A

Engagement
Assessment
Planning
Intervention

30
Q

group think

A 
illusion of invulnerability
collective rationalization
belief in inherent morality
stereotyped views of those on the out
direct pressure on dissenters 
self censorship
illusion of unamity
self apraised mindguards
31
Q

stages of group development

A

storming, forming, norming, performing, adjourning

1) preaffiliation
2) power and control
3) intimacy
4) differentiation
5) separation / termination

32
Q

in vivo desensitization

A

pairing and movement through anxiety hieracrchy from least to most anxiety provoking situation

33
Q

RET (rational emotive therapy)

A

cognitively oriented therapy where sw seeks to change clients beliefs through argument and persuasion

34
Q

systematic desensitization

A

pairing anxiety producing stimuli with relaxation producing stimuli (i.e. studying and i get a gift or massage afteR)

35
Q

individual psych

A

adler

  • striving for perfection
  • compensation
  • develop adaptive lifestyle by contrbuting to welfare of others
36
Q

self psych

A

empathic responses from early caregivers meet childs needs
mirroring - validates
idealization - child borrows strength from others
twinship - sense of belonging

37
Q

ego psych

A

based in here and now
reality tresting
building ego strengths

38
Q

Object relations theory

A

Mahler
child / mother
0-1 month normal autism - detached self absorbed
1-5 months normal symbiotic - aware of mother but not sense of individuality
5-9 months - separation / individuation - infant is not ignorant of differentiation between mother and himself
9-15 months practiciting
15-24 rapprochement - infant once again becomes close to mother, wants mother in sight, risk is that mother will misread and respond with impatience and can lead to anxiety in toddler
24-38 object constancy - phase when child understands mother has separate identity and is individual. provides child with image that helps supply him or her with unconscious level of guiding support and comfort (deficiencies = sense of insecurity and low self esteem)

39
Q

piaget moral development

A

1) heteronormous morality / moral realism
- being subject to anothers’ laws or rules
2) autonomous morality / moral realativism
- being subject to one’s own laws or rules

40
Q

stages of change

A

1 - precontemplation (individual is first understanding they have a problem)
2 - contempltation (individual considering the act of changing)
3 - preparation / determination (individual decides to change)
4 - action (ready to take steps)
5 - relapse?
6 - maintenance

ASWB exam (7 decks)

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