Theory Flashcards
problem solving process
Engagement Assessment Planning Intervention Evaluation Termination
systems theory
system is a theory that works together
- larger context (families, community, society, etc)
- whole system changes when one does
- tend towards equillibrium
closed system
uses up energy and dies
differentiation
becoming specialized in structure and function
entropy
closed, disorganized, stagnant
equifinality
arriving at same end from different beginning
input
obtaining resources from the environment that are necessary to attain goals of the system
negative entropy
exchange of energy and resources
suprasystem
an entity that is served by a number of component systems organized in interacting relationships
throughput
energy that is integrated into the system so it can be used by the system to accomplish its goals
negative feed back looks
maintain stability / homeostasis
positive feed back loops
patterns of interaction that facilitate change or movement towards growth
hierarchies in families
how families organize themselves into smaller units or subsystems that comprise the larger family system
-when members or tasks associated with these subsystems get blurred, families often have difficultues (e.g. child becomes involved in marital issues)
interdependence
(family systems)
-what happens to one family member or what one family member does influences other family members
family therapy
social roles and interpersonal interaction are the focus of treatment
-Goal: new communication patterns
strategic family therapy
active role; brief; directive; task centered
- SW formulates problem in solvable, behavioral terms
- SW takes responsibility for directly influencing people
-tx focuses on altering feedback cycle
first order changes
(strategic) superficial behavioral changes within a system that do not change the structure of the system
second order changes
(strategic fam therapy) changes to the systematic interaction pattern so the system is reorganized and functions more effectively
relabeling
(strategic family therapy) changing label attached to person or problem from negative to positive
paradoxical directive
prescribe the symptomatic behavior so client realizes he or she can control it (uses strength of resistance to change )
structural family therapy
(minuchin) streses importance of family organization
- interpersonal boundaries define members and promote differentiation + autonomous functioning
ex) dysfunction often results from rigid enmeshment or disengagement
- boundaries must be permeable enough to maintain well-functioning open system
- hierarchical organization in families maintained by generational boundaries
restructuring
(structural family) based on observing and manipulating interactions within therapy (enactments)
family structure
invisible set of functional demands organizing interactions among members
behavioral theories
operant conditioning (skinner)
-stimuli precede behaviors which in turn are followed by consequences
punishment - always aim to decrease behaviors
reinforcement - always to increase behaviors
respondant conditioning (pavlov)
- pair neutral stimuli with involuntary stimulu
e. g. dog, food, bell
reinforcement
-increase behaviors
positive: increase prob that behavior will occur
negative - behavior increases because negative stimulus is removed (remove shock)
punishment
positive - presentation of undesirable stimulus followed behavior for purpose of decreasing (i.e. hitting)
negative - removal of desirable stimulus (removing dessert)
bowenian
not symptom reduction
-interested in intergenerational transmission
differentiation
emotional fusion
emotional triangle (3rd party brought to ease anxiety)
nuclear family
sibling position (determines trianges sometimes)
societal regression - society is a family
multigenerational transmission
gives the present a context in history
-can help SW to understand differentiation in the system
problem solving process
Engagement
Assessment
Planning
Intervention
group think
illusion of invulnerability collective rationalization belief in inherent morality stereotyped views of those on the out direct pressure on dissenters self censorship illusion of unamity self apraised mindguards
stages of group development
storming, forming, norming, performing, adjourning
1) preaffiliation
2) power and control
3) intimacy
4) differentiation
5) separation / termination
in vivo desensitization
pairing and movement through anxiety hieracrchy from least to most anxiety provoking situation
RET (rational emotive therapy)
cognitively oriented therapy where sw seeks to change clients beliefs through argument and persuasion
systematic desensitization
pairing anxiety producing stimuli with relaxation producing stimuli (i.e. studying and i get a gift or massage afteR)
individual psych
adler
- striving for perfection
- compensation
- develop adaptive lifestyle by contrbuting to welfare of others
self psych
empathic responses from early caregivers meet childs needs
mirroring - validates
idealization - child borrows strength from others
twinship - sense of belonging
ego psych
based in here and now
reality tresting
building ego strengths
Object relations theory
Mahler
child / mother
0-1 month normal autism - detached self absorbed
1-5 months normal symbiotic - aware of mother but not sense of individuality
5-9 months - separation / individuation - infant is not ignorant of differentiation between mother and himself
9-15 months practiciting
15-24 rapprochement - infant once again becomes close to mother, wants mother in sight, risk is that mother will misread and respond with impatience and can lead to anxiety in toddler
24-38 object constancy - phase when child understands mother has separate identity and is individual. provides child with image that helps supply him or her with unconscious level of guiding support and comfort (deficiencies = sense of insecurity and low self esteem)
piaget moral development
1) heteronormous morality / moral realism
- being subject to anothers’ laws or rules
2) autonomous morality / moral realativism
- being subject to one’s own laws or rules
stages of change
1 - precontemplation (individual is first understanding they have a problem)
2 - contempltation (individual considering the act of changing)
3 - preparation / determination (individual decides to change)
4 - action (ready to take steps)
5 - relapse?
6 - maintenance
