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Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Chromatic semitone

A

A semitone that consists of two notes with the same letter name.

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2
Q

Diatonic semitone

A

A semitone that consists of two notes with different letter names.

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3
Q

Adagio

A

Slow (slower than andante, but not as slow as largo)

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4
Q

Lento

A

Slow

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5
Q

Largo

A

Very slow and broad

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6
Q

Larghetto

A

Not as slow as largo

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7
Q

Andante

A

Moderately slow; at a walking pace

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8
Q

Andantino

A

A little faster than andante

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9
Q

Allegretto

A

Fairly fast (a little slower than allegro)

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10
Q

Moderato

A

At a moderate tempo

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11
Q

Allegro

A

Fast

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12
Q

Presto

A

Very fast

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13
Q

Prestissimo

A

As fast as possible

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14
Q

Enharmonic change

A

Changing the name of a note without changing its pitch. E.g., changing F sharp to G flat.

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15
Q

Scale

A

A series of notes in succession.

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16
Q

Major scale

A

Tone-tone-semitone-tone-tone-tone-semitone

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17
Q

A caret sign (^) placed above a number

A

Identifies a number as a scale degree

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18
Q

Major scale semitones

A

Between notes 3 and 4 and notes 7 and 8

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19
Q

Tonic

A

First note of a scale

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20
Q

Key

A

The particular scale a piece of music is based on

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21
Q

Key signature

A

A collection of sharps or flats at the beginning of the staff that indicates the key of the music

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22
Q

Order of sharps in a key signature

A

F C G D A E B

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23
Q

Order of flats in a key signature

A

B E A D G C F

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24
Q

1st degree of the scale

A

Tonic

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25
2nd degree of the scale
Supertonic
26
3rd degree of the scale
Mediant
27
4th degree of the scale
Subdominant
28
5th degree of the scale
Dominant
29
6th degree of the scale
Submediant
30
7th degree of the scale
Leading note
31
8th degree of the scale
Tonic (upper)
32
Circle of fifths
Relates keys by perfect 5ths
33
Accidental
A symbol, placed in front of a note, that raises or lowers its pitch.
34
Circle of 5ths - keys in sharp direction
C G D A E B F# C#
35
Circle of 5ths - order in flats direction
C F Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb
36
Three pairs of enharmonic keys
D flat / C sharp G flat / F sharp C flat / B
37
Cantabile
In a singing style
38
Con pedale, con ped.
With pedal
39
D.C. al Fine
Repeat from the beginning and end at Fine
40
Dolce
Sweet
41
Fine
The end
42
Grazioso
Graceful
43
Legato
Smooth
44
Maestoso
Majestic pace
45
Mano destra, M.D.
Right hand
46
Mano sinistra, M.S.
Left hand
47
Marcato
Marked or stressed
48
Tenuto
Held, sustained
49
Relative minor of a major key
Three semitones lower than a major key, same key signature
50
Relative minor of C Major
Relative major of A Minor
51
Relative minor of G major
Relative major of E minor
52
Relative minor of D major
Relative major of B minor
53
Relative minor of A major
Relative major of F# minor
54
Relative minor of E major
Relative major of C# minor
55
Relative minor of B major
Relative major of G# minor
56
Relative minor of F# major
Relative major of D# minor
57
Relative minor of C# major
Relative major of A# minor
58
Relative minor of F major
Relative major of D minor
59
Relative minor of Bb major
Relative major of G minor
60
Relative minor of Eb major
Relative major of C minor
61
Relative minor of Ab major
Relative major of F minor
62
Relative minor of Db major
Relative major of Bb minor
63
Relative minor of Gb major
Relative major of Eb minor
64
Relative minor of Cb major
Relative major of Ab minor
65
C major and A minor key signature
Keys with no flats or sharps
66
G major key signature
Major Key with F#
67
D major key signature
Major key with F# C#
68
A major key signature
Major key with F# C# G#
69
E major key signature
Major key with: F# C# G# D#
70
B major key signature
Major key with F# C# G# D# A#
71
F# major key signature
Major key with F# C# G# D# A# E#
72
C# major key signature
Major key with F# C# G# D# A# E# B#
73
F major key signature
Major key with Bb
74
Bb major key signature
Major key with Bb Eb
75
Eb major key signature
Major key with Bb Eb Ab
76
Ab major key signature
Major key with Bb Eb Ab Db
77
Db major key signature
Major key with Bb Eb Ab Db Gb
78
Gb major key signature
Major key with Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb
79
Cb major key signature
Major key with Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb Fb
80
Relative major of a minor key
Three semitones higher than a minor key, same key signature
81
Tonic major and tonic minor
A major scale and a minor scale that have the same tonic. E.g., F major is the tonic major of F minor and F minor is the tonic minor of F major.
82
Natural minor scale
A minor scale written with no accidentals.
83
Harmonic minor scale
Formed by raising the 7th degree of the natural minor scale. Requires an accidental.
84
Melodic minor scale
Formed by raising the 6th and 7th degrees of the natural minor scale ascending, and lowering the 6th and 7th degrees descending.
85
Semitones in melodic minor scale
Semitones between 2nd and 3rd and 7th and 8th ascending, 2nd and 3rd and 5th and 6th descending.
86
Accent
A stressed note or chord
87
Crescendo, cresc.
Becoming louder
88
Decrescendo, decresc.
Becoming softer
89
Diminuendo, dim.
Becoming softer
90
Dal segno, D.S.
From the sign
91
Fermata
A pause; hold the note or rest longer than its written value
92
Ottava, 8va
Play one octave above the written pitch
93
Ottava, 8va
Play one octave below the written pitch
94
Repeat signs
Repeat the music within the double bars
95
Slur
Play the notes legato
96
Staccato
Play the notes detached
97
Tie
Hold for the combined value of the tied notes
98
Interval
The distance between two notes
99
Melodic interval
When the notes of an interval are played one after the other
100
Harmonic interval
When the notes of an interval are played at the same time
101
Perfect intervals
Unison, 4th, 5th, octave
102
Major intervals
Major 2nd, major 3rd, major 6th, and major 7th
103
Minor interval
One semitone smaller than a major interval
104
Minor intervals
Minor 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th
105
Simple duple time
Upper number of the time signature is always 2. Number of beats in the measure is 2.
106
Cut time / alla breve
2/2 time (C with vertical line through it)
107
Simple triple time
Upper number of the time signature is always 3. Number of beats per measure is 3.
108
Simple triple time accent
Strong - weak - weak
109
Cut time accent
Strong - weak
110
Simple quadruple time
Upper number of the time signature is always 4. Number of beats per measure is 4.
111
Simple quadruple time accent
Strong - weak - medium - weak
112
Breve
Double whole note
113
Double whole rest
Breve rest
114
Common time
4/4 time, symbol is C
115
Anacrusis
The notes in the incomplete measure at the start of a piece. Also called pickup. Subtracted from the last measure.
116
Triplet
A group of three notes that are played in the time of two notes of the same value.
117
Whole rest
Used to indicate a whole measure of silence in any time signature.
118
Chord
Combination of notes that are played together
119
Triad
Three-note chord
120
Solid (blocked) triad
All three notes are written or sound at the same time
121
Broken triad
Each note is written or is played one after the other
122
Root
Lowest note of a triad
123
Third note
The middle note of a triad. Interval of a 3rd above the root.
124
Fifth note
Top note of a triad. Interval of a 5th above the root.
125
Major triad
Consists of the intervals of a major 3rd and a perfect 5th above the root.
126
Minor triad
Consists of the intervals of a minor 3rd and a perfect 5th above the root.
127
Tempo
Speed at which the music is performed
128
A tempo
Return to the previous tempo
129
Tempo primo, Tempo I
Return to the original tempo
130
Rallentando, rall.
Slowing down
131
Ritardando, rit.
Slowing down gradually
132
Forte
Loud
133
Fortissimo
Very loud
134
Mezzo forte
Moderately loud
135
Mezzo piano
Moderately soft
136
Piano
Soft
137
Pianissimo
Very soft
138
Accidental
A sign placed before a note to alter its pitch
139
Transposition in basic rudiments
Writing melodies at a different octave
140
Half rest
Silence for two beats
141
A Harmonic Minor key signature
Key with G#
142
A Melodic Minor
Key with F# G# Up, F G Down
143
E Harmonic Minor
Key with F#, D#
144
E Melodic Minor
Key with F#, C#, D# Up F#, C, D Down
145
F Harmonic Minor
Key with Bb E natural Ab Db
146
F Melodic Minor
Key with Bb Ab Up, Bb Eb Ab Db Down
147
A Major triad
A C# E
148
A minor triad
A C E
149
E major triad
E G# B
150
E minor triad
E G B
151
F major triad
F A C
152
F minor triad
F Ab C
153
Ab major triad
Ab C Eb
154
A major Dominant 7th chord
E G# B D
155
E major dominant 7th chord
B D# F# A
156
F major dominant 7th chord
C E G Bb
157
Ab major dominant 7th chord
Eb G Bb Db
158
A semitone that consists of two notes with the same letter name.
Chromatic semitone
159
A semitone that consists of two notes with different letter names.
Diatonic semitone
160
Slow (slower than andante, but not as slow as largo)
Adagio
161
Slow
Lento
162
Very slow and broad
Largo
163
Not as slow as largo
Larghetto
164
Moderately slow; at a walking pace
Andante
165
A little faster than andante
Andantino
166
Fairly fast (a little slower than allegro)
Allegretto
167
At a moderate tempo
Moderato
168
Fast
Allegro
169
Very fast
Presto
170
As fast as possible
Prestissimo
171
Changing the name of a note without changing its pitch. E.g., changing F sharp to G flat.
Enharmonic change
172
A series of notes in succession.
Scale
173
Tone-tone-semitone-tone-tone-tone-semitone
Major scale
174
Identifies a number as a scale degree
A caret sign (^) placed above a number
175
Between notes 3 and 4 and notes 7 and 8
Major scale semitones
176
First note of a scale
Tonic
177
The particular scale a piece of music is based on
Key
178
A collection of sharps or flats at the beginning of the staff that indicates the key of the music
Key signature
179
F C G D A E B
Order of sharps in a key signature
180
B E A D G C F
Order of flats in a key signature
181
Tonic
1st degree of the scale
182
Supertonic
2nd degree of the scale
183
Mediant
3rd degree of the scale
184
Subdominant
4th degree of the scale
185
Dominant
5th degree of the scale
186
Submediant
6th degree of the scale
187
Leading note
7th degree of the scale
188
Tonic (upper)
8th degree of the scale
189
Relates keys by perfect 5ths
Circle of fifths
190
A symbol, placed in front of a note, that raises or lowers its pitch.
Accidental
191
C G D A E B F# C#
Circle of 5ths - keys in sharp direction
192
C F Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb
Circle of 5ths - order in flats direction
193
C flat / B D flat / C sharp G flat / F sharp
Three pairs of enharmonic keys
194
In a singing style
Cantabile
195
With pedal
Con pedale, con ped.
196
Repeat from the beginning and end at Fine
D.C. al Fine
197
Sweet
Dolce
198
The end
Fine
199
Graceful
Grazioso
200
Smooth
Legato
201
Majestic pace
Maestoso
202
Right hand
Mano destra, M.D.
203
Left hand
Mano sinistra, M.S.
204
Marked or stressed
Marcato
205
Held, sustained
Tenuto
206
Three semitones lower than a major key, same key signature
Relative minor of a major key
207
Relative major of A Minor
Relative minor of C Major
208
Relative major of E minor
Relative minor of G major
209
Relative major of B minor
Relative minor of D major
210
Relative major of F# minor
Relative minor of A major
211
Relative major of C# minor
Relative minor of E major
212
Relative major of G# minor
Relative minor of B major
213
Relative major of D# minor
Relative minor of F# major
214
Relative major of A# minor
Relative minor of C# major
215
Relative major of D minor
Relative minor of F major
216
Relative major of G minor
Relative minor of Bb major
217
Relative major of C minor
Relative minor of Eb major
218
Relative major of F minor
Relative minor of Ab major
219
Relative major of Bb minor
Relative minor of Db major
220
Relative major of Eb minor
Relative minor of Gb major
221
Relative major of Ab minor
Relative minor of Cb major
222
Keys with no flats or sharps
C major and A minor key signature
223
Major key with F#
G major
224
Major key with F# C#
D major
225
Major key with F# C# G#
A major
226
Major key with: F# C# G# D#
E major
227
Major key with F# C# G# D# A#
B major
228
Major key with F# C# G# D# A# E#
F# major
229
Major key with F# C# G# D# A# E# B#
C# major
230
Major key with Bb
F major
231
Major key with Bb Eb
Bb major
232
Major key with Bb Eb Ab
Eb major
233
Major key with Bb Eb Ab Db
Ab major
234
Major key with Bb Eb Ab Db Gb
Db major
235
Major key with Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb
Gb major
236
Major key with Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb Fb
Cb major
237
Three semitones higher than a minor key, same key signature
Relative major of a minor key
238
A major scale and a minor scale that have the same tonic. E.g., F major is the tonic major of F minor and F minor is the tonic minor of F major.
Tonic major and tonic minor
239
A minor scale written with no accidentals.
Natural minor scale
240
Formed by raising the 7th degree of the natural minor scale. Requires an accidental.
Harmonic minor scale
241
Formed by raising the 6th and 7th degrees of the natural minor scale ascending, and lowering the 6th and 7th degrees descending.
Melodic minor scale
242
Semitones between 2nd and 3rd and 7th and 8th ascending, 2nd and 3rd and 5th and 6th descending.
Semitones in melodic minor scale
243
A stressed note or chord
Accent
244
Becoming louder
Crescendo, cresc.
245
Becoming softer
Decrescendo, decresc.
246
Becoming softer
Diminuendo, dim.
247
From the sign
Dal segno, D.S.
248
A pause; hold the note or rest longer than its written value
Fermata
249
Play one octave above the written pitch
Ottava, 8va
250
Play one octave below the written pitch
Ottava, 8va
251
Repeat the music within the double bars
Repeat signs
252
Play the notes legato
Slur
253
Play the notes detached
Staccato
254
Hold for the combined value of the tied notes
Tie
255
The distance between two notes
Interval
256
When the notes of an interval are played one after the other
Melodic interval
257
When the notes of an interval are played at the same time
Harmonic interval
258
Unison, 4th, 5th, octave
Perfect intervals
259
Major 2nd, major 3rd, major 6th, and major 7th
Major intervals
260
One semitone smaller than a major interval
Minor interval
261
Minor 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th
Minor intervals
262
Upper number of the time signature is always 2. Number of beats in the measure is 2.
Simple duple time
263
2/2 time (C with vertical line through it)
Cut time / alla breve
264
Upper number of the time signature is always 3. Number of beats per measure is 3.
Simple triple time
265
Strong - weak - weak
Simple triple time accent
266
Strong - weak
Cut time accent
267
Upper number of the time signature is always 4. Number of beats per measure is 4.
Simple quadruple time
268
Strong - weak - medium - weak
Simple quadruple time accent
269
Double whole note
Breve
270
Breve rest
Double whole rest
271
4/4 time, symbol is C
Common time
272
The notes in the incomplete measure at the start of a piece. Also called pickup. Subtracted from the last measure.
Anacrusis
273
A group of three notes that are played in the time of two notes of the same value.
Triplet
274
Used to indicate a whole measure of silence in any time signature.
Whole rest
275
Combination of notes that are played together
Chord
276
Three-note chord
Triad
277
All three notes are written or sound at the same time
Solid (blocked) triad
278
Each note is written or is played one after the other
Broken triad
279
Lowest note of a triad
Root
280
The middle note of a triad. Interval of a 3rd above the root.
Third note
281
Top note of a triad. Interval of a 5th above the root.
Fifth note
282
Consists of the intervals of a major 3rd and a perfect 5th above the root.
Major triad
283
Consists of the intervals of a minor 3rd and a perfect 5th above the root.
Minor triad
284
Speed at which the music is performed
Tempo
285
Return to the previous tempo
A tempo
286
Return to the original tempo
Tempo primo, Tempo I
287
Slowing down
Rallentando, rall.
288
Slowing down gradually
Ritardando, rit.
289
Loud
Forte
290
Very loud
Fortissimo
291
Moderately loud
Mezzo forte
292
Moderately soft
Mezzo piano
293
Soft
Piano
294
Very soft
Pianissimo
295
A sign placed before a note to alter its pitch
Accidental
296
Writing melodies at a different octave
Transposition in basic rudiments
297
Silence for two beats
Half rest
298
Key with G#
A Harmonic Minor key signature
299
Key with F# G# Up F G Down
A Melodic Minor
300
Key with F#, D#
E Harmonic Minor
301
Key with F#, C#, D# Up, F#, C, D Down
E Melodic Minor
302
Key with Bb E natural Ab Db
F Harmonic Minor
303
Key with Bb Ab Up Bb Eb Ab Db Down
F Melodic Minor
304
A C# E
A Major triad
305
A C E
A minor triad
306
E G# B
E major triad
307
E G B
E minor triad
308
F A C
F major triad
309
F Ab C
F minor triad
310
Ab C Eb
Ab major triad
311
E G# B D
A major Dominant 7th chord
312
B D# F# A
E major dominant 7th chord
313
C E G Bb
F major dominant 7th chord
314
Eb G Bb Db
Ab major dominant 7th chord
315
A natural minor key signature
Natural minor key with no sharps or flats
316
E natural minor key signature
Natural minor key with F#
317
B natural minor key signature
Natural minor key with F#, C#
318
F# natural minor key signature
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#
319
C# natural minor key signature
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#, D#
320
G# natural minor key signature
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#, D#, A#
321
D# natural minor key signature
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#
322
A# natural minor key signature
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#, B#
323
D natural minor key signature
Natural minor with Bb
324
G natural minor key signature
Natural minor with Bb, Eb
325
C natural minor key signature
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab
326
F natural minor key signature
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab, Db
327
Bb natural minor key signature
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb
328
Eb natural minor key signature
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb
329
Ab natural minor key signature
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb, Fb
330
Natural minor key with no sharps or flats
A natural minor key signature
331
Natural minor key with F#
E natural minor key signature
332
Natural minor key with F#, C#
B natural minor key signature
333
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#
F# natural minor key signature
334
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#, D#
C# natural minor key signature
335
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#, D#, A#
G# natural minor key signature
336
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#
D# natural minor key signature
337
Natural minor with F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#, B#
A# natural minor key signature
338
Natural minor with Bb
D natural minor key signature
339
Natural minor with Bb, Eb
G natural minor key signature
340
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab
C natural minor key signature
341
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab, Db
F natural minor key signature
342
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb
Bb natural minor key signature
343
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb
Eb natural minor key signature
344
Natural minor with Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb, Fb
Ab natural minor key signature
345
Song - Minor 3rd Above
Oh Canada!
346
Song - Major 3rd Above
Oh When the Saints!
347
Song - Perfect 4th Above
Oh Christmas Tree
348
Song - Perfect 5th Above
Star Wars
349
Song - Minor 6th Above
We Are Young
350
Song - Major 6th Above
My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean / NBC
351
Song - Perfect 8th Above
Somewhere Over the Rainbow
352
Song - Minor 3rd Below
Hey Jude
353
Song - Major 3rd Below
Swing Low Sweet Chariot
354
Song - Perfect 4th Below
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
355
Song - Perfect 5th Below
Flintstones
356
Song - Minor 6th Below
Love Story theme
357
Song - Major 6th Below
Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen / Man in the Mirror
358
Song - Perfect 8th Below
Willow Weep for Me
359
chromeOh Canada!
Song - Minor 3rd Above
360
Oh When the Saints!
Song - Major 3rd Above
361
Oh Christmas Tree
Song - Perfect 4th Above
362
Star Wars
Song - Perfect 5th Above
363
We Are Young
Song - Minor 6th Above
364
My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean / NBC
Song - Major 6th Above
365
Somewhere Over the Rainbow
Song - Perfect 8th Above
366
Hey Jude
Song - Minor 3rd Below
367
Swing Low Sweet Chariot
Song - Major 3rd Below
368
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
Song - Perfect 4th Below
369
Flintstones
Song - Perfect 5th Below
370
Love Story theme
Song - Minor 6th Below
371
Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen / Man in the Mirror
Song - Major 6th Below
372
Willow Weep for Me
Song - Perfect 8th Below

Music (5 decks)

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