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Sociology Paper 1 > Theory > Flashcards

Theory Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List Marxist arguments for theory

A

Capitalism, class consciousness, hegemony, class sociology and historical materialism.

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2
Q

What is class consciousness

A

The working class form their own class distinct from society. They do this because they know about exploitation

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3
Q

Explain hegemony

A

Gramsci: domination by dominant people who use two methods. Coercion and consent.

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4
Q

Historical materialism

A

Our infrastructures are controlled by capitalism. Yet the ruling class have created divisions and used people’s labour

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5
Q

Class society

A

We have had a ancient society, feudal society and capitalist society

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6
Q

Functionalist points on theory

A

Organic analogy, GAIL, integration of people, societal changes, value consensus.

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7
Q

Value consensus

A

We need value consensus in order to provide social order. This is done through norms and values .

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8
Q

Organic analogy

A

Parsons term that argued society is like a body with organs. Those organs could be institutions. We need institutions and people to be dependent on each other (work as one) in order to survive.

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9
Q

GAIL.

A

Goal attainment, adaptation, integration and latency.

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10
Q

Societal change

A

Move from a traditional society to a modern one. I.e Tradtional society would include ascribed status where as today’s society our status is achieved.

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11
Q

Integration of individual

A

Through the process of socialisation and social control.

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12
Q

What are the four ideas of action theory

A

Symbolic interactionism, social, ethnomethodology and phenomenology

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13
Q

What is symbolic interactionism

A

Goffman. Looking glass self. Mead, I and me, goffman dramaturgical model

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14
Q

What is social action theory

A

Max Webber. Concept of Verstepen and understanding. VAIT. = value rational, traditional, integration and affectual.

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15
Q

What is ethonomethodology

A

Garfinkle: social order is created from bottom up. Meaning that we create it.

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16
Q

What is phenomenology

A

Schultz: typifications are needed in order to have social order

17
Q

What are the stages of the theory timeline?

A

Pre-modernity, modernity, globalisation, pre modern and postmodernity.

18
Q

What was around in pre-modernity

A

The Enlightenment period occurred during this. It was a shift away from religion and traditions to more science based answers. We were moving into the modern society

19
Q

4 features of modernity

A

Nation State
Individuality
Rationality, science and tech
Capitalism

20
Q

What occurred during globalisation?

A

Political, economic, cultural and technological change

21
Q

Features of a pre modern world (late modernism)

A

Reflexivity
Risk society
Theory can be relevant but must adapt
Liquidity
Globalisation

22
Q

Features of a postmodern society

A

Simulacra, discourse, media saturation, choice, metanaratives.

23
Q

What are functional prerequisites

A

G.A.I.L = Goal attainment, adaptation, integration and latency. Parsons

24
Q

Science= should and can

A

Comte+Durkheim= positivism. Argue that science can provide reliable and effective solutions for society and long as we have value freedom.

25
Q

Science should

A

Because science is a highly trusted methods of proving understanding and trustworthy information for society

26
Q

Science can if

A

Science can if it can be falsified by researchers. Popper argued that research must be falsified in order to make sure the findings are highly valid and reliable for society. Those who can’t like Marxism takes in account bias and rejects proposals to their findings

27
Q

Science can if it follows the process of paradigm

A

Kuhn argued that science produces researchers tools to try and solve their problems. If they can solve these problems then scientific knowledge can be applied

28
Q

Science can’t

A

Because people cannot be studied scientifically. We are our own individual with different needs and views. Science cannot therefore provide solutions for every specific need. Interpretvidts therefore argue that apply our own values through qualitative methods enables to provide better outcomes.

29
Q

Science shouldn’t

A

Science is physically impossible to prove on a society that is constantly change along with paradigm and process with science which also adapts to changes.

30
Q

Cant

A

Science can’t because it challenges people’s individualism and choice in a postmodern society. Applying scientific knowledge to solutions will cause conflict within society as we are own selves

31
Q

Cant

A

Feminists argued that science is a field of study that is patriarchal and therefore provides solutions which benefit the patriarchy. Although can be challenged through coalition policies such as GIST AND WISE

Sociology Paper 1 (2 decks)

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