Theory Flashcards
Module 2 (Styles, Pritzker, Dictums)
a particular or distinctive form of artistic expression characteristic of a person, people, or period
Style
derived from the principle of Greek and Roman architecture
Classical
prevalent in Spain and Morocco; influences were Mesopotamian brisk and stucco techniques; frequent use of horseshoe arches, Roman columns, and capitals
Moorish
emerged from Roman and Byzantine elements; characterized by massive articulated wall structures, arches, and powerful vaults
Romanesque
a revolutionary style of construction; emerged from Romanesque and Byzantine forms; balance of forces, with thrusts directed throughout a rigid structural lattice (features were height and light)
Gothic
developed during the rebirth of classical art and learning in Europe; characterized using classical orders, round arches, and symmetrical proportions
Renaissance
More ornate than Renaissance; lavish of all styles
Baroque
the final phase of Baroque; characterized by profuse, semi-abstract ornamentation; associated with lightness, swirling forms, flowing lines; ornate stucco work, and arabesque ornament
Rococo
characterized by monumentality, strict use of the orders, and sparing application of ornament
Neoclassicism
buildings were treated not only as functional structures but also as sculptural objects
Expressionism
fine and applied art style characterized by fluid, undulating motifs, often derived from natural forms.
Art Nouveau
style moderne; marked by geometric forms, streamlined and curvilinear forms, sharply defined outlines, and often bold colors.
Art Deco
characterized by simple geometric forms, large untextured, often white surfaces, large areas of glass, and general use of steel or reinforced concrete construction.
International style
characterized chiefly by the synthesis of technology, craft, and design aesthetics; emphasizes functional design
Bauhaus
emphasizes the aesthetic use of basic building processes, especially of cast-in-place concrete, with no apparent concern for visual amenities.
Brutalism
reaction against international style and modernism; encourages the use of elements from historical vernacular styles and often playful illusion, decoration, and complexity.
Postmodernism
expression of personal freedom; harmony between environment and structure; all forms should express the natural use of materials
Organic Architecture
questions traditional assumptions and takes modernist abstraction to an extreme and exaggerates already-known motifs
Deconstructivism
the major proponent is Eugene Tsui; a Design that grows and develops based on climatic and ecological elements, as well as advances in technology
Evolutionary Architecture
represents plans and drawing for buildings and cities that have never been constructed; pure research or speculation
Conceptual Architecture
awarded annually to honor a living architect whose built work demonstrates talent, vision, and commitment which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity
Pritzker Architecture Prize
referred to as the Nobel Prize for architecture
Pritzker Architecture Prize
Founder of Pritzker Architecture Prize
Jay A Pritzker, and wife Cindy
“His work demonstrates a combination of the qualities of talent, vision, and commitment that has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the environment”
Williams Tower, Glasshouse, Rothko Chapel, Lipstick building
Philip Johnson
sublime act of the poetic imagination. He has created gardens, plazas, and fountains of haunting beauty— metaphysical landscapes for meditation and companionship.”
Casa Barragan, Cuadra San Cristobal, Torres de Satelite
Luis Barragan
a prodigy for so many years—as a leader of the great transition from the Modern Movement to the architecture of the New— an architecture that once more has recognized historical roots, once more has close connections with the buildings surrounding it, once more can be called a new tradition”
Seeley Historical Library
James Stirling
“An innovator who does not worship innovation for itself, a professional unconcerned with trends, a quiet humble man who conceives and executes great works, a generous man of strictest standards for his own work.
Knights of Columbus Building
Kevin Roche
His work over the past forty years includes not only palaces of industry, government and culture, but also moderate and low-income housing. His versatility and skill in the use of materials approach the level of poetry
John Kennedy Library, OCBC Center, Bank of China
Ieoh Ming Pei
American abstract artist and architect; make use of color white; “We honor “” for his single-minded pursuit of the essence of modern architecture. He has broadened its range of forms to make it
responsive to the expectations of our time.
High Museum of Art, The Atheneum
Richard Meier
he mingles bold shapes and colors with an exquisite refinement of detail and never fears to bring together the richest of ancient marbles and the latest in plastics
Haas House, Abteiberg Museum
Hans Hollein
Born into a family of architects, both expressionist, and post-Bauhaus architect; “He has taken care to see that the elements in his work which suggest the past also bear witness to his ready acceptance, whether in the design of churches, town halls, public housing, or office buildings, of the latest
and best in our contemporary technology.”
Pilgrimage church
Gottfried Bohm
Most significant architect of 20th century combining traditional japanese styles with modernism; arrives at shapes that lift our
hearts because they seem to emerge from some ancient and dimly remembered past and yet are breathtaking of today
Yoyogi National Stadium, St. Mary’s Cathedral
Kenzo Tange
his forty years of designing masterpieces of modern architecture demonstrate an understanding of contemporary technology and materials that is unsurpassed.
Lever House
Gordon Bunshaft
There is a moment in a nation’s history when one individual captures the essence of that culture and gives it form.
National Congress, Cathedral of Brasilia, Niteroi Contemporary Art Museum
Oscar Niemeyer
“His sometimes controversial, but always arresting body of work, has been variously described as iconoclastic, rambunctious, and impermanent, but the jury, in making this award, commends this restless spirit
Walt Disney Concert hall, Guggenheim Museum, Biomuseo
Frank Gehry
Italian architect and designer who accomplished the unusual feat of achieving international recognition in four distinct areas: theory, drawing, architecture and product design.
San Cataldo Cemetery
Aldo Rossi
has expanded and redefined the limits of the art of architecture in this century
The Venturri House, Guild House
Robert Venturi
a joy to the senses and uplifts the spirit. Each line and curve is placed with skill and sureness. Like the early Modernists, his shapes, molded by light, have a deceptive simplicity about them, they are honest
Ibere Camargo Foundation, Bouca Housing
Alvaro Siza Vieiria
a modernist who has fused the best of both eastern and western cultures to create an architecture representing the age-old qualities of his native country
Four World trade center, National Museum of Modern Art
Fumihiko Maki
is a prominent member of a new generation of French architects who have incorporated the lessons of the Beaux Arts into an exuberant collage of contemporary architectural idioms, at once bold, colorful, and original.
Philharmonie Luxembourg
Christian de Portzamparc
an assemblage of artistically composed surprises in space and form. There is never a predictable moment as one moves through his buildings.
Church of the Light, Church on the water, Naoshima Contemporary Art Museum
Tadao Ando
a writer and critic, devoting almost as much time to education as he does to design, he further shapes the future of architecture with his words
Museum of Roman Art, Kursaal Congress, Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angel
Rafael Moneo
is a fascinating and exciting combination of modern forms tempered by the Scandinavian tradition and culture from which it springs
Norweigan Pavillion, Nordic Pavillion, Hedmark Museum
Sverre Fehn
that rare melding of art, architecture, and engineering in a truly remarkable synthesis, making his intellectual curiosity and problem-solving techniques as broad and far-ranging as those of earlier masters of his native land
Pompidou Center, Menli Collection, Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella
Renzo Piano
pursuit of the art and science of architecture has resulted in one building triumph after another, each one in its own way, unique.
Commerzbank Headquarters, St Mary Axe, Apple Park, HSBC Building
Norman Foster
an architect whose ideas about buildings and urban planning made him one of the most discussed contemporary architects in the world
Seattle Central, Netherlands Dance Theater
Rem Koolhaas
combines the artistry of an age-old profession with the fresh approach of a new century’s technical capabilities
Elbe Philharmonic Hall, Prada Store, VitraHaus, Beijing National Stadium, 1111 Lincoln Road
Jacques and Pierre De Meuron
Although his works have sometimes been described as a synthesis of Mies van der Rohe and the native Australian wool shed
Marie Short House, Fredericks House
Glenn Murcutt
is an architect whose roots extend back into history—touching on the Mayan, Chinese and Japanese, Islamic cultures
Sydney Opera House, Bagsvaerd Church
Jorn Utzon
They share a certain fearlessness in their work, and both are unafraid of the risk that comes inevitably with their respective vocabularies of bold visionary forms
Zaha Hadid
They share a certain fearlessness in their work, and both are unafraid of the risk that comes inevitably with their respective vocabularies of bold visionary forms
Galaxy Soho, Jockey Club, Vitra Fire station, Dongdaemun Design plaza, Heydar Aliyev
Zaha Hadid
an authentic addition to the tradition of innovative, exciting architectural talent that flourishes on the West Coast
Diamond Ranch Highschool, Graduate House (UT)
Thom Mayne
inspired by the principles and language of modernism, as well as through his bold use of simple materials, has over the past six decades produced buildings with a deep understanding of the poetics of space
Chapel of Saint Peter, Brazilian Museum
Paulo Mendes da Rocha
His fascination with technology is not merely for artistic effect, but more importantly, it is a clear echo of a building’s program and a means to make architecture more productive for those it serves.
Pompidou Center, Millenium Dome
Richard Rogers
has pushed architecture’s discourse and praxis to new limits. His inquisitive and agile mind propels him to take risks in each of his projects, which, regardless of varying degrees of success, have greatly expanded the vocabulary of contemporary architecture.
Torre Agbar, One Central Park, Philharmonie de Paris, 100 11th Avenue, Fondation Cartier, Samsung Museum of Art
Jean Nouvel
His buildings have a commanding presence, yet they prove the power of judicious intervention, showing us again and again that modesty in approach and boldness in the overall result are not mutually exclusive. Humility resides alongside strength
Therme Vals, Kunsthaus Bregenz, Bruder Klaus Field
Peter Zumthor
Their approach is fresh, always offering new possibilities… They use common, everyday materials while remaining attuned to the possibilities of contemporary technology
Rolex learning center, 21st century museum of contemporary art
SANAA, Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa