Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Theory of Archi > Theory > Flashcards

Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Sets the basic understanding of design before architects design a building into reality

A

Theory of Architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A three dimensional field in which objects and events occur and have relative positions and directions

A

Space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the larger enveloping space serves as a three-dimensional field for the smaller space contained within it.

A

Space within a space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

results from the overlapping of two spaces, the overlapping of two spatial fields, and the emergence of a zone of shared space.

A

Interlocking space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the most common type which allows each space to be clearly defined and respond each in its own way

A

Adjacent space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

two spaces that are separated by distance can be linked or related to each other by a third space

A

Spaces linked by a common space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a stable, concentrated composition that consists of several secondary spaces grouped around a large dominant, central space

A

Centralized organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

consists essentially of a series of spaces that can be directly related to one another or linked through a separate and distinct linear space

A

Linear organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

combines elements of both centralized and linear organizations. it consists of a dominant central space from which several linear organization which extends regularly

A

Radial organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

relies on physical proximity to relate its spaces to one another

A

Clustered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Consists of forms and space whose position in space and relationships with one another are regulated by a 3D grid pattern

A

Grid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Author of the oldest research on architecture and wrote a summary of all theories in the construction

A

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

presents a classification of requirements set for buildings

A

Ten books on Architecture “De architectura libri decem”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

based on greek traditions of architecture, the proportions of the human body

A

Vitruvian rules of aesthetic form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Firmness or physical strength secured by the buildings structural integrity

A

Firmitas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Efficient arrangement of spaces and mechanical systems to meet the functional needs of its occupants

A

Utilitas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the aesthetic quality associated with the goddess Venus, imparted style, proportion and visual beauty

A

Venustas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

No documents and no person can be attributed to these theories

A

Middle age theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most documents retrieved from the middle ages and archives only contain a few descriptions of buildings

A

Monastery Institutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The person in charge of construction was commanded by the Pope and wrote Della Pittura (On Painting) which includes Brunelleschi’s theories of perspective and De Re Aedificatoria (On Building), the first architectural treatise of the Renaissance

A

Leon Bautista Alberti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

He wrote the “Regole generall di architectura”, the first book to be published in 1537, the General Rules of Architecture was conceived as the fourth part of the series. In this book, he describes the five different architectural orders in which to build (Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite) and explains which types of materials and ornaments can be used within each order

A

Sebastiano Serlio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

He wrote “Regola delle cinque ordini”, The Five Orders of Architecture which tackles the concise, facts, and easily applicable rules of the five-column systems.

A

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The Father of modern picture books of architecture also wrote the “I Quattro libri dell’architectura” also known as “The Four Books of Architecture.”

A

Andrea Palladio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

One of the French theorists who were critical of Italians proved that Pantheon’s Corinthian columns had 3 different proportions. He also rejected the doctrine of the absolute beauty of measures.

A

Philibert de L’orme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Central figures in developing the mathematical construction theory

A

Robert Hooke, Jakob Bernouilli and Leonhard Euler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The first theorist set out to create a totally new system of architectural forms independent of antiquity. In his book Entretiens sur l’architecture he states that “what we call taste is but an involuntary process of reasoning whose steps elude our observation”.”Authority has no value if its grounds are not explained “. His work was one of the foundations of modern architecture.

A

Eugene Viollet-le-Duc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

studied the methods of exploiting an eternal source of architectural forms: nature and especially the forms of plants. The result of his studies became the first design instruction on the use of ornaments originating in nature

A

Owen Jones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The ornamental style of art flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States. It is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustrations.

A

Art Nouveau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Five points of Architecture by Le Corbusier

A

Pilotis, Free plan, Free facade, Long horizontal windows and Roof garden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The intended use of new buildings has certainly influenced their architecture long before the emergence of the first architects or theories.

A

Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

This began around 1760 in England and led to enormous changes at each level of civilization throughout the world. The growth of heavy industrial materials brought more new building materials which are cast iron, steel, and glass with which architects and engineers rearranged the concept of function, size, and form

A

Industrial Revolution

32
Q

Originated in England in the mid-19th century as an antidote to the dehumanizing effects of the industrial revolution. It looked back to a time before craftspeople were replaced by machines. Its roots were philosophical rather than architectural and it encompassed many art forms.

A

Arts and Crafts movement

33
Q

Cast iron, wrought iron, steel, and plate glass as practical building materials.

A

Eclectiscism

34
Q

The English landscape gardener and designer of hothouses, who was the architect of the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London

A

Sir Joseph Paxton

35
Q

an American industrialist and inventor of a safety device that prevents elevators from falling if the hoisting cable fails

A

Elisha Otis

36
Q

A highly successful architect and the first professor of Architecture (1876-77) at the University of Michigan. He is best known for designing the 10-story Home Insurance Building in Chicago(1884-85), the first high-rise in America to use a metal frame rather than stone and brick.

A

William Le Baron Jenney

37
Q

American architect and urban planner whose impact on the American city was substantial. He was instrumental in the development of the skyscraper and was noted for his highly successful management of the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 and his ideas about urban planning.

A

Daniel Burnham

38
Q

Best known as a major player in what is known as the Chicago School and the birth of the modern skyscraper. He was an architect based in Chicago, Illinois, yet what many consider his most famous building is in St. Louis, Missouri — the 1891 Wainwright Building, one of America’s most historic high-rise buildings.

A

Louis Sullivan

39
Q

the first world’s fair held in Chicago. Carving out some 600 acres of Frederick Law Olmsted’s Jackson Park, the exposition was a major milestone.

A

World Columbian Exposition

40
Q

Austrian architect and urban planner. He was a leading member of the Vienna Secession movement of architecture, founded in 1897, and the broader Art Nouveau movement.

A

Otto Wagner

41
Q

European architect who became more famous for his ideas and writings than for his buildings. He believed that reason should determine the way we build, and he opposed the decorative Art Nouveau movement, or, as it was known in Europe, Jugendstil.

A

Adolf Loos

42
Q

One of the most significant European architects before World War I. Often considered the father of modern architecture in the Netherlands

A

Hendrik Petrus Berlage

43
Q

America’s most famous architect. He is celebrated for developing a new type of American home, the Prairie house, elements of which continue to be copied.

A

Frank Lloyd Wright

44
Q

The architect was noted for his influential role in the development of modern architecture in Germany. In addition, he was a pioneer in the field of industrial design.

A

Peter Behrens

45
Q

German-born American architect whose rectilinear forms, crafted in elegant simplicity, epitomized the International Style of architecture.

A

Ludwig Mies Von Der Rohe

46
Q

Pioneered European modernism in architecture and laid the foundation for what became the Bauhaus movement in Germany and the international style in the
US.

A

Le Corbusier

47
Q

Emerged in the early-20th century in Italy. It was motivated by anti-historicism and characterized by long horizontal lines and streamlined forms suggesting speed, dynamism, movement, and urgency.

A

Futurism

48
Q

Avant-Garde Art movement, which was distinct in comparison to every other art style was three-dimensional, this was two-dimensional.

A

Cubism

49
Q

The school of design, architecture, and applied arts existed in Germany from 1919 to 1933. It included the teaching of various crafts, which he saw as allied to architecture, the matrix of the arts.

A

Bauhaus

50
Q

developed in Europe and the United States in the 1920s and ’30s and became the dominant tendency in Western architecture during the middle decades of the 20th century.

A

International style

51
Q

a movement that emerged in the 1960s, described first in a book called “Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture” by Robert Venturi and later in another book by him and his wife Denise Scott Brown, “Learning from Las Vegas”.

A

Postmodernism

52
Q

an American architect who proposed alternatives to the functionalist mainstream of the 20th century; Venturri house

A

Robert Venturri

53
Q

The American architect and critic knew for his promotion of the International Style and, later, for his role in defining postmodernist architecture.

A

Philip Johnson

54
Q

was popular in several fields of medieval culture, but hardly any original writings exist on how this symbolism was precisely understood in architecture.

A

Allegorical symbolism

55
Q

a teacher of architecture at the Paris school of construction engineering (Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées) presented rather original ideas on the symbolism of the building.

A

Etienne-Louis Boullée

56
Q

A type of analogy where building types are categorized according to methods taken from geometrical shapes such as cones, balls, cubes, and proportions

A

Mathematical analogies

57
Q

A type of analogy where building types are categorized according to methods taken from organic shapes and vigorous style of construction.

A

Biological analogies

58
Q

A type of analogy where building types are categorized according to methods taken from botany and zoology.

A

Organic Analogy

59
Q

The engineering structure of a building compared with the skeleton of the animal.

A

Anatomical Analogy

60
Q

Views the appropriateness of designed objects for their functional purposes as being equivalent to the fitness of animals and plants for their environment.

A

Ecological Analogy

61
Q

Explains the design of useful objects and buildings in terms of repeated copying in which variations are made at each stage and are then put to the test.

A

Darwinian Analogy

62
Q

A type of analogy where building types are categorized according to methods taken from the exotic language of form, ancient morphology, and which appeals to feelings.

A

Romantic architecture

63
Q

A type of analogy where building types are categorized according to methods taken from words and grammar, expressionism, and symbolism. It’s a metaphor.

A

Linguistic analogy

64
Q

The linguistic analogy can be classified into metaphor types

A

Tangible, Intangible and Combined

65
Q

A type of analogy where building types are categorized according to methods taken from Le Corbusier’s manifesto, A house is a machine for living in,”

A

Mechanical analogies

66
Q

A type of analogy where a building is a combination of such materials which can be found on the site.

A

Ad-hoc analogy

67
Q

A type of analogy where a building as a stage of life, draws us to the lifecycle achieving a balanced ecosystem through its lifecycle obtaining sustainability. A natural life cycle is a closed one; dealing with a building through this principle will lead us to call for sustainable and green architecture.

A

Stage analogy

68
Q

He studied the subconscious symbolism of the forms of buildings. “The strongest symbols are derived from the most elementary perceptual sensations because they are connected with such basic experiences of the human experience which serve as a basis for everything else.”

A

Rudolf Arnheim

69
Q

Full name of Le Corbusier

A

Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris

70
Q

The style of architecture, reflecting the rebirth of Classical culture, originated in Florence in the early 15th century and spread throughout Europe, replacing the medieval Gothic style.

A

Renaissance architecture

71
Q

Treatises that aim at the fulfillment of one principal goal, usually at the cost of other customary goals of the building.

A

Thematic theories of Architecture

72
Q

The 19th century is characterized by a series of revival movements, in which styles of the past re-emerged as symbols of modern power. Many Europeans, and Americans, dedicated themselves to the styles of ancient Rome and Greece, which we call

A

Neoclassicism

73
Q

Ikonologie der Architektur

A

Gunter Bandmann

74
Q

studied the symbolism used in architecture and presented a simple method to design the symbolism of a town

A

Penttu Tuovinen

75
Q

Less is more

A

Ludwig Mied Van De Rohe

Theory of Archi (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions