Theory

Question 1

Religious Ethics

Answer 1

notion that the religious dimension of reality is intimately bound up or flows from the divine aspect of reality.

Question 2

Divine Command Theory

Answer 2

Notion that the cosmos was created by the divine and the divine created moral laws of the universe just as it created physical laws that govern reality.

Question 3

Natural Law

Answer 3

Rationality is the governing feature of the cosmos. Morality is discoverable by means of observation and reflection

Question 4

Consequentialism

Answer 4

Claims that the right-making feature of our actions is not the act itself nor the motivation, only the outcomes of the action.

Question 5

Epicurean Hedonism

Answer 5

advocates for a life that seeks to fulfill our natural and necessary desires, which will result in a life free of pain and stress of the mind and body.

Question 6

Ethical Egoism

Answer 6

selfishness is the primary virtue. One should seek out one’s own long term well-being.

Question 7

Hedonistic Utilitarianism

Answer 7

Seeks to maximize the most overall amount of pleasure in the world with each action.

Question 8

Utilitarianism

Answer 8

modification of Bentham’s approach calaims that maximizing higher-order pleasures.

Question 9

Deontology

Answer 9

morality consists of our duties in life. These duties must be followed regardless our motivations, intended or unintended consequences, and so on.

Question 10

Virtue Ethics

Answer 10

places a focus upon the character of the individual.

Question 11

How are genomic libraries created?

Answer 11

There are multiple methods - the main one uses molecular cloning to amplify fragments of genomes for further study and addition to a collection (the genomic library).

Question 12

Personal genomics is relatively __________.

Answer 12

new, as recent discoveries and genome mapping efforts have made genetic information more readily available.

Question 13

What led to the commercialization of personal genomic products?

Answer 13

The increase in understanding of genetics and decrease in price of mapping a genome.

Question 14

Why are personal genomics products potentially dangerous?

Answer 14

Results are limited and consumers may make incorrect medical decisions based on their results. Genetic discrimination may also occur.

Question 15

What is genetic discrimination?

Answer 15

Discrimination against people by their employers, health care providers, insurance companies because of genetic indicators of health.

Question 16

Epigenetics is best described as ________________.

Answer 16

additions to changes in a sequence, like “tags” that sit on the main nucleotide sequence.

Question 17

Epigenetics creates noticeable effects by _________________.

Answer 17

histone modifications, which alter gene expression.

Question 18

What kind of traits does epigenetics affect?

Answer 18

Widespread, multi-cellular traits like cancer and inherited disorders.

Question 19

What factors influence epigenetics?

Answer 19

Both environmental and genetic factors.

Question 20

An expectant mother is exposed to secondhand smoke for the duration of her pregnancy. Who in the situation is affected?

Answer 20

All three generations - the mother, developing baby, and subsequent generations.