theory

Question 1

Linnaeus

Answer 1

created the sytema naturae for plants in 1753 and for animals in 1758. The systema naturae are a series of books in which linnaeus argued for atwo name system for species genus and specific epithet.

Question 2

current Linnaean system

Answer 2

works like a nesting system (example humans)
Ranks (Names)
Domain (Eukaryota)
Kingdom (Animalia)
Phylum (Chordata)
Subphylum (Vertebrata)
Class (Mammalia)
Order (Primates)
Superfamily (Hominoidea)
Family (Hominidae)
Genus (Homo)
Species (Homo sapiens Linnaeus 1758)

Question 3

ICZN

Answer 3

International Code for Zoological Nomenclature

• incharge of giving organisms names
• taxa higher than superfamily are not controlled by ICZN and more than one name may be used
• taxa lower than superfamily have one official name and controlled by ICZN

Question 4

How do we describe a new species?

Answer 4

take measurements, make drawings and or photos, note differences between new species and already described ones.

Question 5

Charles Darwin

Answer 5

Darwin argued that species evolved from pre-existing species rather than individually created

Question 6

Haeckel’s tree

Answer 6

first to use real taxa rather than hypothetical examples on his tree

Question 7

Hennig

Answer 7

Came up with a system for phylogenetic systematics that was logical and repeatable (relatively) this system is knows as cladistics

Question 8

4 Main points to approaching cladistics

Answer 8

1. relationships among taxa follow a dichotomously branching pattern, that are displayed on a tree
2. shared, derived features provide the only evidence for relative recentness of common ancestry
3. choice among competing cladistic propositions is decided on parsimony (least mount of assumptions is the best choice)
4. taxanomy should be logically consistent with the inferred patter of historical relationships

Question 9

pruned trees

Answer 9

if a phylogenetic tree is getting large branches that do not directly impact the tree can be pruned