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NSG 250 > Theorists > Flashcards

Theorists Flashcards

1
Q

what type of interpretation of development did Freud have?

A
  • pyschosexual

- personality

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2
Q

what are Freud stages of development?

A
  • oral
  • anal
  • phallic
  • latency
  • genital
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3
Q

when and what did Freud’s oral stage consist of?

A
  • birth-1 year

- eating, mouthing, biting

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4
Q

when and what did Freud’s anal stage consist of?

A
  • 1-3 years
  • expelling
  • withholding feces (toilet training)
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5
Q

when and what did Freud’s phallic stage consist of?

A
  • 3-5 years

- genitals

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6
Q

when and what did Freud’s latency stage consist of?

A
  • 5 years to puberty

- child’s sexual impulses are repressed/restrained

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7
Q

when and what did Freud’s genital stage consist of?

A
  • puberty to adult
  • sexual interests
  • mature secual relationships
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8
Q

when did Freud believe that child development stopped?

A
  • stopped at puberty

- genital stage continued throughout adulthood

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9
Q

what did Erikson emphasize?

A

-family and culture

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10
Q

what was Erikson’s theory called?

A

-epigenetics

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11
Q

define epigenetics

A

-the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself (fake genetics)

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12
Q

what were Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development and in what ages?

A
  • trust v. mistrust (infant-18 mon.)
  • autonomy v. shame (18 mon.-3)
  • initiative v. guilt (3-5)
  • industry v. inferiority(5-13)
  • identity v. role confusion (13-21)
  • intimacy v. isolation (21-39)
  • generativity v. stagnation (40-63
  • integrity v. despair (65+)
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13
Q

mnemonic to memorize erikson’s stages

A

-TRUST the AUTO IN INDUSTRY, IDENTIFY with INTIMATE GENIUSES with INTEGRITY

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14
Q

what was Erikson’s main belief?

A

-outcomes defined in personal strengths/weaknesses

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15
Q

what were Piaget’s stages of cognitive development and in what ages?

A
  • sensorimotor (birth-18 mon.)
  • preoperational (2-7yrs)
  • concrete operation(7-11)
  • formal operations (12+)
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16
Q

what did Piaget believe kids should do?

A
  • let child explore and play
  • adaptation theory
  • hands on classroom
  • schema
17
Q

define Piaget’s schema

A

-a set of linked mental representations of the world, which we use both to understand and to respond to situations

18
Q

what did Piaget emphasize kids to do when learning?

A
  • accomodate to new changes

- assimilate with new experiences to fit them into their life

19
Q

how did Vygotsky encourage kids to learn?

A
  • through guided participation/scaffolding (let child play but help them out)
  • supported authoritative parents
  • social contact is essential to intellectual development.
20
Q

what was Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory?

A
  • individual/child is in center

- everything around you impacts your development (i.e. school, work, family)

21
Q

what was Maslow’s theory?

A
  • hierarchy of needs
  • individuals have unique needs (humanism)
  • self actualization (nirvana)
22
Q

what was Gesell’s theory?

A
  • maturational-developmental theory
  • biological times table
  • milestones occur at similar ages
23
Q

what was Schaie’s theory?

A
  • cognitive theorist

- people achieve milestones at different age groups

24
Q

what were Schaie’s stages in cognitive development?

A
  • acquisitive stage
  • achieving stage
  • responsible stage
  • executive stage
  • reorganizational stage
  • reintegrative stage
  • legacy-creating stage
25
Q

what was Bandura’s theory?

A
  • kids learn through observation
  • boba doll
  • social learning
  • behavioral
26
Q

what was Pavlov’s theory?

A
  • classical conditioning

- behavioral

27
Q

what was Skinner’s theory?

A
  • behavioral

- operant conditioning (positive or negative reinforcement)

28
Q

what was Chomsky’s theory?

A
  • nativist language acquisition
  • normative predictive pattern
  • babbling when little, the 1st word, then 50 words by 1st year
29
Q

what was Bowlby’s theory?

A
  • biological

- attachment theory: children comes into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments to help them survive

30
Q

what was Ainsworth’s theory?

A
  • attachment is developed overtime through core and nourishment from parents or caregiver
  • caused by early life events
  • parents initiate it

NSG 250 (8 decks)

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