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Child Development > Theorists > Flashcards

Theorists Flashcards

1
Q

Bandura’s experiment

A

Bo Bo doll

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2
Q

Who said children see, children do ?

A

Bandura

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3
Q

What does ARMS stand for ?

A

Attention
Remember
Motivation
Skills

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4
Q

How to put Bandura’s theory into practice ?

A

Demonstrate good behavior - role model
Recognize that even it is bad behavior children will still copy.
Encourage children to try new experiences
Help children to learn manners and turn taking

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5
Q

What is Pavlov’s theory ?

A

Classical conditioning

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6
Q

What did Pavlov say ?

A

Children learn through association.

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7
Q

What is Pavlov’s experiment?

A

Dog experiment, with bells and salivating

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8
Q

How to put Pavlov’s theory into practice ?

A

Reward good behavior soon after it is carried out so children make the link between it.
Explain why reinforcements have been given.

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9
Q

What is Skinner’s theory ?

A

Operant conditioning
Positive and negative reinforcement
Punishment

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10
Q

Who did the rat experiment ?

A

Skinner

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11
Q

How to put Skinners theory into practice.

A

Reward good behavior soon after its carried out.
Use sticker charts or zone boards as a reward system
Sometimes you need to ignore bad behavior

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12
Q

What is Piaget’s theory?

A

Cognitive development

Children are active learners- learn through their own experiences and develop schemas

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13
Q

What are the 4 stages of development said by Piaget ?

A

Sensorimotor - 0-2, object permanence
Pre operational -2-7, uses symbols in play
Concrete operational - 7-11, begin to solve mental problems
Formal operational -11-15, think and manipulate ideas.

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14
Q

What are the 2 modes said by Piaget ?

A

Assimilation

Accommodation

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15
Q

How to put Piaget’s theory into practice.

A

Set up role play activities that children may have experienced.
Provide wide range of experiences to help children develop their thoughts
Group children according to their stage and age

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16
Q

Bandura’s theory

A

Social learning theory

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17
Q

Atheys theory

A

Children enjoy practicing learned skills to put into their long term memory.

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18
Q

What theory did Athey extend ?

A

Piaget’s cognitive development

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19
Q

How to put Atheys theory into practice ?

A

Repeat activities
Ask parents about child’s play and learning at home
Provide different resources for children

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20
Q

What is Vygotsky’s theory ?

A

Social constructivism - ZAD, ZPD,

MKO.

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21
Q

Vygotsky’s theory of ZAD AND ZPD

A

ZAD constantly extends each time a new piece of information is gained.. ZPD never reached

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22
Q

Who did Vygotsky say can help add to a child’s ZAD ?

A

Children can learn by being with, and supported adults and other children

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23
Q

How to put Vygotsky’s theory into practice

A

Provide opportunities for children to learn new skills
Identify a child’s current stage and plan next steps
Observe a child
Group children depending on their stage and age

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24
Q

Who made the theory of the scaffolding curriculum?

A

Bruner

25
Q

Did Bruner say only adults can help children gain new knowledge ?

A

Yes only adults can help a child gain new knowledge

26
Q

What are the 3 modes of learning said by Bruner ?

A

Enactive
Iconic
Symbolic

27
Q

How do you put Bruners theory into practice ?

A

Simplify tasks for children to understand
Provide adult support
Revisit tasks and activities for children
Plan challenging activities for children to learn new experiences

28
Q

What is the information processing theory ?

A

Retrieving and processing information

29
Q

How to put the information processing theory into practice ?

A

Repeat activities for children
Use props and puppets for children when reading stories
Show children what you want them to do instead of telling them

30
Q

Skinners theory of language

A

Positive and negative reinforcement to encourage language

31
Q

Is skinners theory of language nurture or nature ?

A

Nurture

32
Q

What is Chomsky’s theory ?

A

Children are born with the ability to learn language

33
Q

What does Chomsky believe we are born with to help us learn language ?

A

LAD - language acquisition device.

34
Q

What is the critical period? And who thought of this theory ?

A

Chomsky believed we have a critical period to learn about first language in the first 10 years.

35
Q

How to put Chomsky’s theory into practice ?

A

Speak in a grammatically correct way
Reduce background noise when speaking to children
Do not tell a child their language is wrong, repeat back to them what they just said but in the correct way

36
Q

What is Erikson’s theory ?

A

Life stage model

37
Q

What are the 4 stages and ages of Erikson’s theory ?

A

0-1,basic trust VS mistrust - learning to trust strangers
2-3, autonomy VS shame and doubt- exploring the environment.
4-5, initiative VS guilt - able to plan and carry out activities
6-12, inferiority VS industry- compare them selves to others

38
Q

How to put Erikson’s theory into practice ?

A

Talk positively to children
Provide unconditional support
Provide opportunities for children to try out risk and to be independent

39
Q

What is Harters theory ?

A

Self esteem and self concept- children will develop their self image from reactions of others and recognizing themselves in mirrors

40
Q

How to put Harter’s theory into practice ?,

A

Carry out activities with mirrors
Show interest in what the children are doing
Think about how much you use positive comments
Show positive body language

41
Q

The big five 5 concepts of personality

A 
OCEAN
OPENESS- creative 
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS - organized 
EXTRAVERSION- outgoing 
AGREEABLENESS- kind 
NEUROTICISM- negative
42
Q

What is Cooley’s theory ?

A

Looking glass self theory

43
Q

What did Cooley say ?

A

Children develop a self image of how others react to them

44
Q

How to put Cooley’s theory into practice ?

A

Positive body language
Show unconditional support
Show interest in what the children are doing
Avoid talking negatively about children

45
Q

What is Piaget’s theory of moral development?

A

stages of moral development are linked to cognitive stages

46
Q

What are 3 stages of moral development by Piaget ?

A

Pre moral, 0-4 learn right from wrong
Moral realism - 4-7 influenced by adults
Moral relativism - 7-11- the way you treat people to result in fairness.

47
Q

How to put Piaget’s theory of moral development into practice ?

A

Teach children right from wrong by praising them and punishing them for behavior that is wanted or unwanted
Recognize that children are likely to follow examples set by adults

48
Q

What is kohlbergs theory ?

A

Moral development.
3 stages
Pre conventional- 6-13, punishment and obedience
Conventional - 13-16, labelled good boy / nice girl.
16- 20, post conventional, social contract.

49
Q

How to put kohlbergs theory into practice ?

A

Recognize that children will follow examples set by adults

Explain reasons why it is good or bad behaviors

50
Q

What is bronfenbrenners theory ?

A

Ecological systems - child’s personality are most influenced by the people around us.

51
Q

What the the 4 systems of bronfenbrenners theory ?

A

Microsystems - family
Mesosystem - friends
Exosystem - school
Microsystems-‘society

52
Q

How to put bronfenbrenners theory into practice ?

A

Build strong relationships with parents
Involve parents in activities
Organise visits to local community

53
Q

What is bowlbys theory ?

A

Maternal deprivation attachment

54
Q

What are the 3 stages of attachment named by bowlby ?

A

Pre attachment (6 weeks - 3months ) attracted to human faces

Attachment in making (3 months- 7/8months)- distinguish between faces.

Clear cut attachment (7/8months) miss key people

55
Q

How to put bowlbys theory into practice ?

A

Allocate key children
Work closely with child’s parents
Build a relationships with child’s parents

56
Q

What is Ainsworths theory ?

A

The strange situation - an experiment used to identify and measure babies types of attachments

57
Q

How to put Ainsworths theory into practice ?

A

Find out previous experiences of separation
Build relationship with the child before parent leaves
Allocate key children

58
Q

What is Harlows theory ?

A

Harlows monkeys.

Need more than food to build a mother to child bond.

59
Q

How to put Harlows theory into practice ?

A

Find the child’s favorite toy

Build relationships with parents and child

Child Development (2 decks)

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