Theorists Flashcards
Bandura’s experiment
Bo Bo doll
Who said children see, children do ?
Bandura
What does ARMS stand for ?
Attention
Remember
Motivation
Skills
How to put Bandura’s theory into practice ?
Demonstrate good behavior - role model
Recognize that even it is bad behavior children will still copy.
Encourage children to try new experiences
Help children to learn manners and turn taking
What is Pavlov’s theory ?
Classical conditioning
What did Pavlov say ?
Children learn through association.
What is Pavlov’s experiment?
Dog experiment, with bells and salivating
How to put Pavlov’s theory into practice ?
Reward good behavior soon after it is carried out so children make the link between it.
Explain why reinforcements have been given.
What is Skinner’s theory ?
Operant conditioning
Positive and negative reinforcement
Punishment
Who did the rat experiment ?
Skinner
How to put Skinners theory into practice.
Reward good behavior soon after its carried out.
Use sticker charts or zone boards as a reward system
Sometimes you need to ignore bad behavior
What is Piaget’s theory?
Cognitive development
Children are active learners- learn through their own experiences and develop schemas
What are the 4 stages of development said by Piaget ?
Sensorimotor - 0-2, object permanence
Pre operational -2-7, uses symbols in play
Concrete operational - 7-11, begin to solve mental problems
Formal operational -11-15, think and manipulate ideas.
What are the 2 modes said by Piaget ?
Assimilation
Accommodation
How to put Piaget’s theory into practice.
Set up role play activities that children may have experienced.
Provide wide range of experiences to help children develop their thoughts
Group children according to their stage and age
Bandura’s theory
Social learning theory
Atheys theory
Children enjoy practicing learned skills to put into their long term memory.
What theory did Athey extend ?
Piaget’s cognitive development
How to put Atheys theory into practice ?
Repeat activities
Ask parents about child’s play and learning at home
Provide different resources for children
What is Vygotsky’s theory ?
Social constructivism - ZAD, ZPD,
MKO.
Vygotsky’s theory of ZAD AND ZPD
ZAD constantly extends each time a new piece of information is gained.. ZPD never reached
Who did Vygotsky say can help add to a child’s ZAD ?
Children can learn by being with, and supported adults and other children
How to put Vygotsky’s theory into practice
Provide opportunities for children to learn new skills
Identify a child’s current stage and plan next steps
Observe a child
Group children depending on their stage and age
Who made the theory of the scaffolding curriculum?
Bruner
Did Bruner say only adults can help children gain new knowledge ?
Yes only adults can help a child gain new knowledge
What are the 3 modes of learning said by Bruner ?
Enactive
Iconic
Symbolic
How do you put Bruners theory into practice ?
Simplify tasks for children to understand
Provide adult support
Revisit tasks and activities for children
Plan challenging activities for children to learn new experiences
What is the information processing theory ?
Retrieving and processing information
How to put the information processing theory into practice ?
Repeat activities for children
Use props and puppets for children when reading stories
Show children what you want them to do instead of telling them
Skinners theory of language
Positive and negative reinforcement to encourage language
Is skinners theory of language nurture or nature ?
Nurture
What is Chomsky’s theory ?
Children are born with the ability to learn language
What does Chomsky believe we are born with to help us learn language ?
LAD - language acquisition device.
What is the critical period? And who thought of this theory ?
Chomsky believed we have a critical period to learn about first language in the first 10 years.
How to put Chomsky’s theory into practice ?
Speak in a grammatically correct way
Reduce background noise when speaking to children
Do not tell a child their language is wrong, repeat back to them what they just said but in the correct way
What is Erikson’s theory ?
Life stage model
What are the 4 stages and ages of Erikson’s theory ?
0-1,basic trust VS mistrust - learning to trust strangers
2-3, autonomy VS shame and doubt- exploring the environment.
4-5, initiative VS guilt - able to plan and carry out activities
6-12, inferiority VS industry- compare them selves to others
How to put Erikson’s theory into practice ?
Talk positively to children
Provide unconditional support
Provide opportunities for children to try out risk and to be independent
What is Harters theory ?
Self esteem and self concept- children will develop their self image from reactions of others and recognizing themselves in mirrors
How to put Harter’s theory into practice ?,
Carry out activities with mirrors
Show interest in what the children are doing
Think about how much you use positive comments
Show positive body language
The big five 5 concepts of personality
OCEAN OPENESS- creative CONSCIENTIOUSNESS - organized EXTRAVERSION- outgoing AGREEABLENESS- kind NEUROTICISM- negative
What is Cooley’s theory ?
Looking glass self theory
What did Cooley say ?
Children develop a self image of how others react to them
How to put Cooley’s theory into practice ?
Positive body language
Show unconditional support
Show interest in what the children are doing
Avoid talking negatively about children
What is Piaget’s theory of moral development?
stages of moral development are linked to cognitive stages
What are 3 stages of moral development by Piaget ?
Pre moral, 0-4 learn right from wrong
Moral realism - 4-7 influenced by adults
Moral relativism - 7-11- the way you treat people to result in fairness.
How to put Piaget’s theory of moral development into practice ?
Teach children right from wrong by praising them and punishing them for behavior that is wanted or unwanted
Recognize that children are likely to follow examples set by adults
What is kohlbergs theory ?
Moral development.
3 stages
Pre conventional- 6-13, punishment and obedience
Conventional - 13-16, labelled good boy / nice girl.
16- 20, post conventional, social contract.
How to put kohlbergs theory into practice ?
Recognize that children will follow examples set by adults
Explain reasons why it is good or bad behaviors
What is bronfenbrenners theory ?
Ecological systems - child’s personality are most influenced by the people around us.
What the the 4 systems of bronfenbrenners theory ?
Microsystems - family
Mesosystem - friends
Exosystem - school
Microsystems-‘society
How to put bronfenbrenners theory into practice ?
Build strong relationships with parents
Involve parents in activities
Organise visits to local community
What is bowlbys theory ?
Maternal deprivation attachment
What are the 3 stages of attachment named by bowlby ?
Pre attachment (6 weeks - 3months ) attracted to human faces
Attachment in making (3 months- 7/8months)- distinguish between faces.
Clear cut attachment (7/8months) miss key people
How to put bowlbys theory into practice ?
Allocate key children
Work closely with child’s parents
Build a relationships with child’s parents
What is Ainsworths theory ?
The strange situation - an experiment used to identify and measure babies types of attachments
How to put Ainsworths theory into practice ?
Find out previous experiences of separation
Build relationship with the child before parent leaves
Allocate key children
What is Harlows theory ?
Harlows monkeys.
Need more than food to build a mother to child bond.
How to put Harlows theory into practice ?
Find the child’s favorite toy
Build relationships with parents and child
