theorists

Question 1

nightingale

Answer 1

she believed that the environment of the patient should be altered to allow nature to act on the patient.

Question 2

nightingale-health

Answer 2

believed in prevention and health promotion

Question 3

nightingale-person

Answer 3

believed that the person was a holistic individual and thus had a spiritual dimension

Question 4

watson

Answer 4

defines caring as the ethical and moral ideal of nursing that has interpersonal and humanistic qualities
used ten carative factors
Transpersonal caring used to achieve connectedness in which the patient and nurse change together

Question 5

watson-person

Answer 5

viewed holistically wherein the body, mind, and soul are interrelated. people are embodied spirits

Question 6

watson-nursing

Answer 6

describes it as transpersonal that conveys a human to human connection in which both persons are influenced through the relationship and being together in the moment.

Question 7

king

Answer 7

his conceptual system is based on the assumption that human beings are the focus of nursing. the goal of nursing is health promotion, maintenance, and/or restoration.

Question 8

king-3 systems

Answer 8

personal, interpersonal, social systems.

Question 9

king-personal system

Answer 9

each individual is an open, total, unique system in constant interaction with the environment

Question 10

king-interpersonal system

Answer 10

formed by the interactions of two or more individuals.

Question 11

king-social systems

Answer 11

composed of large groups with common interests or goals. defined as “an organized boundary system of social roles, behaviors, and practices developed to maintain values and the mechanisms to regulate the practice and rules.

Question 12

theory of goal attainment

Answer 12

addresses nursing as a process of human interaction.

Question 13

rogers

Answer 13

science of unitary human beings. humans are viewed as integral with the universe. the human being and the environment are one, not dichotomous.

Question 14

rogers-4 characteristics of life process

Answer 14

energy field, openness, pattern, and pandimensionality

Question 15

rogers-homeodynamic principles

Answer 15

resonancy, helicacy, integrality

Question 16

orlando

Answer 16

is a reflective practice theory that is based on discovering and resolving problematic situations. if the problem is not discovered, it cannot be solved. the centrality of the patient is ever-present.

Question 17

orlando-five interrelated concepts

Answer 17

1. professional nursing function-organizing principle
2. patient’s presenting behavior-problematic situation
3. immediate reaction-internal response
4. deliberative nursing process-reflective inquiry
5. improvement-resolution

Question 18

orlando-organizing principle

Answer 18

finding out and meeting patient’s immediate needs for help. the patient is the focal point of the nurse’s function