Theorists Flashcards
PROPPS THOERY
Typical characters to exist in a narrative
Todorovs narrative theory
Typical narrative follows a three part structure
Equilibrium
Disruption
New equilibrium
Could link to KOTV
Semiotic theory Barthes
Hermeneutic codes/enigma code
Any mysterious part of a media text that engages an audience
Symbolic code
Image represents something else bats= vampires
Semantic codes
Understand have a hidden meaning or connotations colour red and black semantic codes for horror
Proairetic/action codes
Something is going to happen as a result
Cultural/ referential codes
Beyoncé antebellum dresses hard to understand sometimes
Levi Strauss binary opposites
Represented as opposites
Gauntletts theory of identity
1 get their identity through media products
2 did have simple representations of people stereotypical super human
Van zoonen
Ideas about gender through discourse (media)
Ideas about gender change depending on historical and cultural contexts
Women are objectified in the media
Believes we live in a patriarchal culture
Men’s bodies are spectacles admire while women’s are something you should lust
Hesmondhalgh cultural industries
Minimise risks and maximise profit
Be vertically and horizontally integrated
Work across a variety of media platforms and technologies
Focus on popular genres
Butlers theory of gender performativity
Biological sex and gender which is a social construct
Performing certain activities makes you feel more masculine or feminine
Livingston and Lunt regulation
Regulating media is hard
Protect once 18 should watch and consumer whatever they want
Easy to get hold of it
Impossible to control
Powerful companies can avoid regulations
Fandom theory Jenkins
Fans play a key role in the media
Distribute by sharing, interpret
Textual patching audiences taking a media product and remaking or reworking it to create their own meaning
Improvement in domestic technology
Postmodernism Baudrillard
Features
1) Irony
2) parody/homage
3) bricolage, sampling
4) Intertextual reference
5) Fragmented narrative
6) self reflexivity aware in a media product
7) what ifs
8) loss of reality lack of versimiltude amount of realism surrealism
Theory:
Reality vs fictional
Now in a world of a fakeness
Heightened reality
Artificial copies= simulacra no link to orange it’s Fanta
Simulacra hard to tell apart from reality= hyperreality
Audiences order prefer simulacra to real life
Curran and seaton power in media industries
Media dominated by small numbers of companies
All about profit and power
Concentrated ownership results in lack of choice, lots of the same product
About more for some companies
Clay shirkey end of audience theory
Audiences no longer passive
Active Audiences like to interact, take part and like and comment
Development if technology
Banduras media effects
Bobo doll experiment
Children watching violent things means they’d copy behaviour
Gilroy postconoliaism
Still see effects of colonisation in the media now
People from ethnic minorities being showed as ‘other’
Dehumanised, not powerful or successful
bell hooks theory
Feminism is the struggle to end patriarchal oppression
Isn’t a life style choice need to be politically active
Women are not all discriminated against tied to ethnicity and class
Steve Neal genre theory
Genres are made of repetition and difference
Conventional elements audiences enjoy this
Gerbners cultivation theory
Repeat reps of groups and overtime the effects build up
Accept as realistic engrained into our brains
Manipulate and change our brains
Halls Reception theory
Preferred
Oppositional
Negotiation
Stuart halls representation theory
Media often use stereotypes reduce people to oversimplified cliches
Stereotypes result from inequality of power media owned by white rich men
Uses and grats
Why audience choose to consume a product
1) Entertainment/escape
2) Education
3) Social interaction
4) Identification/Relatability
