Theorist Flashcards
She developed the Environmental Theory
Florence Nightingale
She was the Mother of Modern Nursing
Florence Nightingale
She was known as the Lady with the Lamp
Florence Nightingale
Why does FN called as the Lady with the Lamp?
because she cares for the wounded soldiers at night
She acknowledged nursing knowledge
Florence Nightingale
“To be in charge is certainly not only to carry out the proper measures yourself but to see that everyone else does to too.”
Florence Nightingale
When was Florence Nightingale Born ?
May 12, 1820
She served the wounded soldiers during the Crimean War
Florence Nightingale
She developed nursing practice
Florence Nightingale
What was the focus of Environmental Theory?
Nursing practice create sanitary conditions for patients to get care.
What are the canons of environmental theory?
- Health of Houses
- Ventilation and warmth
- Light
- Noise
- Variety
- Bed and Bedding
- Cleanliness of rooms and walls
8. Personal Cleanliness - Nutrition and taking food
- Chattering hopes and advices
11. Observation of the sick - Petty Management
According to Nightingale, ‘badly constructed houses do for the healthy what badly constructed hospitals do for sick. Once air is stagnant, sickness is certain to follow’
Health of Houses
Cleanliness outside the house affected the inside
Health of houses
The act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist him in his recovery.
Environmental Theory
Nurse’s initiative to configure environmental settings.
Environmental Theory
Appropriate for the gradual restoration of the patient’s health.
Environmental Theory
External factors associated with the patient’s surroundings affect the life.
Environmental Theory
“keep the air he breathes as pure as te external air, without chilling him.”
Ventilation and warmth
Nightingale advocated that the sick needs both fresh air and light—direct sunlight was what clients wanted
Light
‘quite real and tangible effects upon human body.”
Light
Nightingale believed that patients should never be waked intentionally or accidentally during the first part of sleep
Noise
should always be kept at a minimum around patients at all times
Noise
need for changes in color and form, including bringing the patient brightly colored flowers or plants
Variety
bed should be placed in the brightest part of the room and placed so that the patient could see out of the window
Bed and Beddings
the bed of the patient must be wrinkle-free.
Bed and Beddings
She urges the removal of dust with the use of damp cloth rather than a feather duster. Floors should be easily cleaned rather than being covered with carpets. Furniture and walls should be easily washed and not damaged by coming in contact with moisture
Cleanliness
Maintain a clean surroundings
Cleanliness
effective drainage
Cleanliness
She believed that unwashed skin may contaminate or poison the patient
and noted that bathing and drying the skin provided great relief to the
patient
Personal Cleanliness
She also advocated that personal cleanliness extended to the nurse and
that every nurse ought to wash her hands very frequently during the day
Personal cleanliness
personal hygiene
Personal Cleanliness
The nurse must also consider his/her hygiene
Personal Cleanliness
importance of variety in the food served to patients
nutrition and taking food
perceived that to falsely cheer the sick by making light of their illness and its danger is not helpful
chattering hopes and advices
encouraged the nurse to heed what is being said by visitors, believing that sick persons should hear good news that would assist them in becoming healthier.
chattering hopes and advices
to give comfort for the patient
chattering hopes and advices
the patient must always be monitored by the nurse.
Observation of the sick
teach them what to observe, how to observe, what symptoms indicate improvement, which are evidence of neglect and what kind of neglect.
Observation of the sick
importance of obtaining complete and accurate information about patients.
observation of the sick
observation not be an end unto itself but a means for assuring that appropriate actions are taken
observation of the sick
“what you do when you are there, shall be done when you are not there”
Petty management
believed that the house and the hospital needed to be well- managed which means being organized, clean and with appropriate supplies.
petty management
referred to the person as a patient.
person
Nurses performed tasks to and for the patient and controlled the patient’s environment to enhance recovery.
person
perspective from planning own actions based on conscious, abstract, and analytical thinking.
Competent
the nurse was in control of and responsible for the patient’s environmental surroundings.
Person
trained nurses
Nursing
scientific principles to be applied in their work and were to be more skilled in observing and reporting patients’ health status while providing care as the
patient recovered.
Nursing
being well and using every power (resource) to the fullest extent in living life.
Health
envisioned the maintenance of health through prevention of disease via environmental control and social responsibility.
Health
nursing was “to assist nature in healing the patient.”
Environment
Her admonition to nurses, both those providing care in the home and trained nurses in hospitals, was to create and maintain a therapeutic environment that would enhance the comfort and recovery of the patient.
Environment
This concept explains that nurses develop skills and an understanding of patient care over time from a combination of a strong educational foundation and personal experiences.
From Novice to Expert
nurse could gain knowledge and skills without actually learning a theory.
knowing how without knowing that kay patricia benner to
When was Patricia Benner born ?
August 1942
focuses on how nurses acquire their nursing
knowledge, particularly how a nurse could gain knowledge or “know-how”
without learning a theory, referred to as “know-that.
Stages of Nursing Expertise
What are the significance of PB’s theory?
- These levels reflect movement from reliance on past abstract principles to the use of past concrete experience as paradigms and change in perception of situation as a complete whole in which certain parts are relevant
- Each step builds on the previous one as abstract principles are refined and expanded by experience and the learner gains clinical expertise.
- This theory changed the profession’s understanding of what it means to be an expert, placing this designation not on the nurse with the most highly paid or most prestigious position, but on the nurse who provided “the most exquisite nursing care.
- It recognized that nursing was poorly served by the paradigm that called for all of nursing theory to be developed by researchers and scholars, but rather introduced the revolutionary notion that the practice itself could and should inform theory.
What are the 5 Nursing Expertise?
Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert.
