Concepts Flashcards
Nursing practice create sanitary conditions for patients to get care
Environmental Theory
the act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist him in his recovery
Environmental Theory
nurse’s initiative to configure environmental settings
Environmental Theory
appropriate for the gradual restoration of the patient’s health
Environmental Theory
external factors associated with the
patient’s surroundings affect the life
Environmental Theory
badly constructed houses do for the healthy what badly constructed hospitals do for sick; cleanliness outside the house affected the inside
Health of Houses
keep the air he breathes as pure as the external air, without chilling him
Ventilation and Warmth
direct sunlight
Light
must always observe silence
Noisw
avoid waking up the patient unintentionally
Noise
bringing the patient bright colored flowers or plants
Variety
the bed of the patient must be wrinkle-free
Bed and Beddings
maintain a clean surroundings
Cleanliness
effective drainage
Cleanliness
personal hygiene
Personal Cleanliness
the nurse must also consider his/her
hygiene
Personal Cleanliness
to give comfort for the patient
Chattering hopes and advices
the patient must always be monitored by the nuse
observation of the sick
“what you do when you are there, shall be done when you are not there”
Petty management
focuses on how nurses express care to their patients
Theory of Transpersonal Caring
stresses humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice
Transpersonal Caring
caring is central to nursing practice and promotes health better than and a simple medical cure
Transpersonal Caring
it is a special kind of human care relationship-a union with another person-high regard for the person and heir being-in-the-world
Transpersonal Caring
a Latin word which means to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention if not loving attention
Caritas
the 20th century Florence Nightingale
Virginia henderson
increasing the patient’s interdependence to hasten their progress in the hospital
Nursing needs theory
has interrelated the concepts of health, nursing problems, and problem-solving
typology of 21 nursing problems
used Henderson’s 14 basic human needs
faye abdellah
considered to be a human needs theory
21 nursing problems
needs of an individual patient to maintain good hygiene and physical comfort; promote optimal health through healthy activities
Basic Needs
maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells;
Sustenal Care Needs
to identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions;
Remedial care needs
include the acceptance of the optimum possible goas in light limitatons, both physical and emotional; the use of community resources as an aid to resolving problems that arise from illness
Restorative care needs
Focuses on individual’s ability to perform self- care,
Self-care Deficit Nursing Theory
represents a caring approach that uses experiential and specialized knowledge (Science) to design and produce nursing care (Art)
SCDNT
the performance or practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being
Self-Care
the human’s ability or power to engage in self-care and is affected by basic conditioning factors
Self Care Agency
totally of “self-care actions to be perfumed for some duration in order to meet known self-care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of actions and operations
Therapeutic Self- care demand
complex property or attribute of people educated and trained as nurses that enables them to act, to know, and to help others meet their therapeutic self-care demands by exercising or developing their own self-care agency
Nursing Agency
actions directed towards provision of self-care
Self-Care requisites
associated with life processes and maintenance of the integrity of human structure and functioning
universal self-care requisite
care that is provide to a person who, because of age or related factors is unable to perform the self-care needed to maintain life
Dependent Care
acquired ability of a person to know and meet the therapeutic self-care demand of the dependent person and/or regulate the development and exercise of the dependent’s self-care agency
Dependent- care agency
relationship that exists when the dependent-care provider’s agency is not adequate to meet the therapeutic self-care demand of the person receiving dependent-care
Dependent-care deficit
summation of care measures at a specific point in time or over a duration of time for meeting the dependent’s therapeutic, self-care demand when his/her self-care agency is not adequate or operation
Dependent care demand
relationship between an individual’s therapeutic self-care demand and his or her powers of self-care agency in which the constituent-developed self- care capabilities within self-care agency
Theory of Self-care deficit
inoperable or inadequate for knowing and meeting some or all components
of the existent or projected therapeutic self-care demand
theory of self-care deficit
theory of nursing system the patient is dependent
Wholly Compensatory System
TNS the patient can meet some needs
- needs nursing assistance
- both the nurse and the patient
engage in meeting self-care needs
Partially Compensatory System
the patient can meet self-care requisites, but needs assistance with decision making or knowledge and skills to lean self-care
Supportive-educative System
focuses attention on the response of the client system to actual or potential environmental stressors and the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing prevention interventions for retention, attainment, and maintenance of optimal client system wellness
Neuman System Model
Based on the general systems theory
Neuman System Model
a boundary for a single client, a group, or even a number of groups
system
views the client as an open system that responds to stressors in the environment
neuman systems model
are those that occur within the client system boundary and correlate with the internal environment
Intrapersonal Stressors
occur outside the client system boundary, are proximal to the system and impact the system
Interpersonal stressors
also occur outside the client system boundaries but are at a greater distance from the system than are interpersonal stressors
External stressors
a process of energy depletion and disorganization moving the system illness or possible death
Entropy
an energy conservation process that increases organization and complexity, moving the system toward stability or a higher degree of wellness
Negentropy
the matter energy, and information exchanged between the client and environment entering or leaving the system at any point in time
Input/Output
treatment of stressor reaction, the return and maintenance of system stability may result in a higher or lower wellness level
Reconstitution
a state of balance or harmony requiring energy exchanges as the client adequately copes with stressors to retain, attain, or maintain an optimal health level, thus preserving system integrity
Stability
a system in which there is a continuous flow of input and process, output, and feedback
open system
a system of organized complexity, where all elements are in interaction
open systems
central core
- system variables, genetic features,
and strengths and weaknesses of the system parts
basic structure and energy resources
a protective accordion-like mechanism that surrounds and protects the normal line of defense from invasion by stressors
Flexible line of defense
an adaptation level of health developed over time and is considered normal for a particular individual client or system; it becomes a standard for wellness- deviance determination
Normal line of defense
protection factors are activated when stressors have penetrated the normal line of defense, causing reaction symptomatology
Line of resistance
occurs before the system reacts to a stressor
- includes health promotion and wellness maintenance
Primary Prevention
occurs after the system reacts to a stressor and is provided in terms of existing symptoms
Secondary prevention
occurs after the system has been treated through secondary prevention strategies
Tertiary prevention
focuses on the role of the nurse is to serve people.
SUHB
coordinate the rhythm between the human and environmental fields
Intervention of nurses
focused on pain management, and supportive psychotherapy for rehabilitation
Nursing Practice
addresses the importance of the environment as an integral part of the patient
SUHB
belief of the coexistence of the human and the environment has greatly influenced the process of change toward better health
Roger’s Theory of Unitary Human Beings
a person is defined as an indivisible, pan-dimensional energy field identified by a pattern and manifesting characteristics specific to the whole that can’t be predicted from knowledge of the parts
Human-unitary human beings
constitutes the fundamental unit of both the living and nonliving
Energy Field
holds that energy fields are infinite, open, and integral with one another
- the human and environmental fields are in continuous process and are open systems
Universe of open systems
the distinguishing characteristic
of an energy field and is perceived as a single wave
Pattern
identifies energy fields
Pattern
a nonlinear domain without spatial or temporal attributes
Pandimensionality
expressed by behavioral and biological scientist-that is, the output of intraorganismic structures and processed as they are coordinated and articulated by and responsive to changes in sensory stimulation.
Behavior
is a whole that function as a whole virtue of independence of its part.
System
encompasses the patterned, repetitive, and purposely ways of behaving
Behavioral System
the ultimate consequence of behaviors
goal
the existence of which is supported by existing theory or research.
universal drive
tendency to act in a certain way in a given situation. Set formation is influenced by societal norms and variables as culture, family, values, perception, and perseveratory sets.
set
alternate behaviors the person considers in any given situation. Options are influence by such variables as age, sex. Culture, and socioeconomic status.
choice
observable behavior of the person.
action
interaction between the person and
his or her environment and establishes relationship.
Behavioral System
mini system with its own goal and function that can be maintained as long as its relationship to other subsystems or the environment is not disturbed
Subsystem
7 subsystems of behavior
attachment, dependency, eliminative, sexual, aggressive-protective, and achievement.
social inclusion, intimacy, and the formation and attachment of a strong social bond.”
attachment
approval, attention, or recognition, and physical assistance (helping or nurturing)
dependency
“the emphasis is on the meaning and structures of the social events surrounding the occasion when the food is eaten, its function is appetite satisfaction.
Ingestive Subsystem
Human cultures have defined different socially acceptable behaviors for excretion of waste but the existence of such a pattern remains different from culture to culture.
Eliminative subsystem
“both biological and social factor affect the behavior in the sexual subsystem” The function is procreation and
gratification
Sexual subsystem
Related to the behavior concerned with protection and self-preservation: one that generates defensive response from the individual when life or territory is being threatened.
aggressive- protective subsystem
provokes behavior that attempts to control the environment; intellectual, physical, creative, mechanical, and social skills; (efforts to gain and control).
achievement
A stabilized but more or less transitory, resting state in which the individual is in harmony with himself and with his environment
equilibrium
implies that deviations will be detected and corrected.
regulation/control
Be constructive in adaptive change or destructive in inefficient use of energy. Hindering adaptation and causing potential structural damage
Tension
Produce tension and result in a degree of instability
Stress or internal or external stimuli
Exhibit directed behaviors for the purpose of attaining goals,
Imogene King
Nurses could use to identify and analyze nursing situations. This system is to let nurses think about the real world of nursing.
Conceptual System
based om Voy Bertanlanffy’s general systems theory,
Theory of Goal Attainment
made up of individuals and include the client and nurse functioning as a total system.
personal system
Consists of groups or individuals interacting with one another.
Interpersonal system
Associated with interpersonal systems are interaction, transaction, communication. Role, coping, and stress
Interpersonal systems
Occur in concrete situations where human beings are actively participating and moving toward the achievement of a goal.
- How individuals feel about the other humans, what expectations exist, and how each reacts to the actions of other
interaction
the process of interacting where humans communicate with others and the environment for the purpose of achieving goals that they value.
- Goal-directed human behaviors.
transaction
the processing of information where a change occurs form one state to another.
- Sharing of thoughts, perceptions, and opinions among individuals using verbal and nonverbal messages to create social interaction and learning opportunities.
communication
considered a set of behaviors expected from someone who is occupying a certain position in a social framework.
- Coping is viewed as a person’s ability to handle stressors. Knowledge of coping is necessary for the interpersonal system.
roles
Group of people within a community or society who share common goals, interests, and values.
- Organized boundaries, including roles, behaviors, and practices.
Social System
Ismadeupofagroupofhuman beings with assigned roles and positions who use resources and abilities to accomplish personal and organization goals.
organization
Is a transactional process characterized by active, reciprocal relations in which members’ values, backgrounds, and perceptions power to make decisions directing the actions of human beings.
authority
the ability to use resources to achieve goals, power is having influence over others in situations.
power
the position of a person or a group relative to other groups in an organization.
status
focuses on the attainment of certain life goals
Theory of Goal Attainment
Maintenance of the body
- Involved in the function and
activities of living organisms
Physiological
5 needs of physiological integrity
oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, and protects
Manifests adaptation relative to basic operating resources, participants, physical facilities, and fiscal resources.
Physical mode
Basic need is operating integrity
Physical mode
Focuses on the psychological and spiritual aspects of the human body
Self-concept or group identity
Beliefs and feelings about oneself
- Formed from internal perceptions
and reactions of other people
self concept
involves sensation and body image
physical self
self idea, self- consistency, and the moral- ethical-spiritual self
personal self
Reflects how people in groups perceive themselves based on environmental feedback
Group Identity
components of the self
interpersonal relationship, group self-image, social milie, culture
It focuses on the roles the person occupies on society
- Set of expectations about how a person occupying one position
behaves toward a person occupying another position
role function
Determines the majority of behavior engaged in by the person
- Determined by age, sex, and development stage
primary role
Are roles that a person assumes to complete the task associated with a developmental stage and primary role
secondary role
Represent ways in which an individual meets their role associated obligations
- Freely chosen by the individual and may include activities such as clubs or hobbies
tertiary role
Actual physical performance of a behavior
instrumental behavior
Feelings, attitudes, likes or dislikes of a person about the performance of a role
Expressive Behavior
the need to know who are is in relation to others so that one can act
social integrity
Focus on close relationship of people and their purpose
Interdependence mode
people who are most important to an individual
With significant others
others contributing ti meeting interdependence need
With support system
Basic need is rational integrity
Interdependence mode
Basic need js social integrity
role function
basic need is identity integrity
group identity
basic need is psychic and spiritual integrity
self concept group identity
Internal and external stimuli which the person is immediately aware of
Focal stimuli
All other stimuli accompanying the focus in life that is not the center of attention
- Effects/response of the individual
- Beliefs/attitude toward the
situation
contextual stimuli
Being environmental and outside factors, which remain unclear and how they affect the behavior of a person
residual stimuli
– nurses form of approach to take actions to implement a care plan for their patients. This includes treatments and procedures that would improve the patient’s overall health
nursing intervention
Interpretation of a stimulus and the conscious appreciation of it
- Links the regulator with the
cognator and connects the adaptive modes
perception
Set of parts connected to function as a whole
- Have inputs (from the situation/environment), outputs (positive or negative) control (how did an individual control the situation, feedback, and a certain situation)
system
Process or outcome
- Individual. Use conscious
awareness and choice to create human and environmental as integrated
adaptation
Represents the condition of life processes described on the three levels as integrated, compensatory, and residual
- Constantly changing point
adaptation level
Broad areas of concern related to adaptation
adaptation problems
Innate and acquired ways of interacting with the changing of environment
coping process
How an individual cope or act with the situation
- Automatic process or response w/o thinking
Innate
Based on experience
- Developed through strategies
such as learning
- How an individual reacts on the
situation based on his/her
experience
acquired
Physical
- Major coping process involving
the natural, chemical, and
endocrine system
- Coping processes reflects more
on the physical or chemical
reaction of the body
- Response of the body towards the
stress or problem
Regulator subsystem
Major coping process involving four cognitive-emotive channels
- Cognitive means emotions/psychological thinking
- Perceptual and information processing
- Learn
- Judgement
- Emotion
- How an individual perceives the
situatio
cognator subsystem
Prom
- otes integrity in terms of the goals
of human systems
adaptive responses
Do not contribute to integrity in terms of the goals of human systems
ineffective responses
Integrated life process
- Adaptation level at when the structure and function of a life process are working as a whole to meet human needs
integrated life process
2 interrelated subsystem
primary and secondary
functional or control subsystem. Includes regulator and cognator
primary
effector subsystem. It consists of four adaptive modes (physiological needs, self- concept, role function, interdependence).
secondary
