Theories of sexual offending

Question 1

Who created the age graded theory of sexual interests?

Answer 1

Set, 2016

Question 2

Nepiophilia ages interest?

Answer 2

0-2

Question 3

Paedophilia age interest?

Answer 3

3-10

Question 4

Hebephelia age interest?

Answer 4

11-14

Question 5

Ephebopilia age interest?

Answer 5

15-17

Question 6

Teleophilia age interst?

Answer 6

18-40

Question 7

Mesophilia age interests?

Answer 7

40-60

Question 8

Gerontophilia age interst?

Answer 8

60+

Question 9

Who created the stages of development?

Answer 9

Tanner, 1970

Question 10

What is Tanners stages of development?

Answer 10

Tanners stages of development shows the changes of the body over pubescent stages. It emphasises peoples attraction to certain body types and that it doesn’t necessarily matter of their age.

Question 11

Lievsley and Harper (2024) did a study that found what?

Answer 11

When they showed the same prepubescent body type with different aged faces, to people with these attractions they found the younger faces more attractive.

Question 12

What innate differences are there of people with attractions to younger people?

Answer 12

IPeople interested in children had 10-15 IQ points below average, were 2.5cm shorter than those who perpetrated against adults and 35% were left handed (links to autism and schizophrenia).

Question 13

What psychological changes occurred in the brain of those with attractions to children?

Answer 13

They had differences in their white matter. There is cross wiring, our parental and nurturing comes out when talking to children but their sexual, attraction responses occur. (Attraction is wider stance, deeper voice etc)

Question 14

Seto (2012) Is paedophilia a sexual orientation?

Answer 14

Paedophilia like other sexual orientation has early onset age (e.g., in puberty of before) , and has high correlation between sexual orientation and romantic behaviour. viewing it as a sexual orientation could increase scientific understandings and inform clinical approaches.

Question 15

Less than 50% of people convicted with sexual convictions against children are paedohiles, true or false?

Answer 15

True (Schmidt, Mokros and Banse 2015)

Question 16

Dombert et al., 2015 found what?

Answer 16

That 4.1% of community-based men self-reported sexual fantasies involving children.

Question 17

What is paedophilia?

Answer 17

Its a persistent pattern of sexual interest or arousal to pubescent children.

Question 18

Three models McPhail, et al. 2014)

Answer 18

Blockage model - problems with adult relationships leads to expression and intimacy with children

Sexual deviance model - projection of positive personality traits onto targets of ones sexual interests, romantic feelings.

Psychological immaturity model - personal immaturity leads an individual to identify more with children than adults, less psychologically mature and more impulsive.

Question 19

Falling in love with children (Martijn et al., 2020)

Answer 19

Exclusivity won paedophilic interests predict higher rates of falling in love with children and lower levels of falling in love with adults.

Question 20

Abel et al (1984) Distorted cognition

Answer 20

Learned assumptions, set of beliefs and self-statements about deviant sexual behaviours such as child molestation and rape which serve to deny, justify, minimise and rationalise an offenders actions.

Question 21

Social Cognitive theory

Answer 21

Implicit beliefs, attitudes and schemas about the world -> COGNITIVE STRUCTURES-> based on available cognitive resources -> COGNITIVE PROCESSING -> explicit beliefs, attitudes and behavioural outcomes = COGNITIVE PRODUCTS.

Question 22

Polaschek and Ward (2002) implicit theories of rape

Answer 22

• Women are unknowable 65%(fundamentally different to men, usually sweet)
• Women are sex objects 70% (constantly sexually receptive, trauma only if rape is violent)
• Male sex drive is uncontrollable 16%
  (sexual energy difficult to control, and inevitable)
• Entitlement 68% (mens sexual needs should be met on demand)

-Dangerous world 19% (rape is a method to obtain power)

Question 23

Ward and Keenan (1999) implicit theories of child molestation

Answer 23

Children as sexual beings (children desire and can’t consent to) sexual activity ( sitting on an adult lap) as an indicator of sexual desire

Entitlement (idea of superiority, boss of the family)

Dangerous world (fighting to achieve dominance, she wanted to)

Uncontrolability (sexual urges are uncontrollable, blame victim ‘she was dressed…’)

Nature of harm ( based on idea sexual abuse is not harmful)

Question 24

Implicit theories of CSEM use (Child sexual exploitation material)
Bartels and Merdian (2016)

Answer 24

• Unhappy world
• Self as uncontrollable
• Children as sex objects
• Nature of harm
• Self as collector