Theories Of Science

Question 1

Traditional view

Answer 1

Science is objective and evidence and based - open enquiry where ideas are tested and proved wrong and more accurate findings replace them

Question 2

Michael E.Lynch

Answer 2

Science is far less objective then claimed to be
1985 studied an experiment on lab rats and observed that when scientists found an anomalie they put it down to human error rather then a new theory or hypothesis

Question 3

Lyonard: post modernist

Answer 3

Science can be seen as a meta narrative by claiming the monopoly of truth

Question 4

Kuhn

Answer 4

Scientists work within a paradigm ( framework of accepted ideas in which scientists operate ) - closed belief system so similar to circulatory beliefs like Polyani

Question 5

Merton and CUDOS norms (1942)

Answer 5

Science has grown by :
Communism - scientific knowledge is shared within the whole community
Universalism - all scientists are regarded as equal
Disinterestedness - all scientists should be committed to the truth
Organised sceptism - all knowledge within science should be challenged