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Theories of Personality - Erikson & Bandura Flashcards

1
Q

Erikson - What is the first stage? (age & crisis)

A

Infancy (birth -1 year)
Crisis: Trust versus Mistrust

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2
Q

Erikson - What is the question and virtue of the first stage?

A

Question: How can I be secure?
Virtue: Hope

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3
Q

Erikson - What is the second stage? (age & crisis)

A

Early childhood (1-3 years) Crisis: Autonomy versus shame

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4
Q

Erikson - What is the question and virtue of the second stage?

A

Question: How can I be independent?
Virtue: will

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5
Q

What is the third stage? (age & crisis)

A

Preschool (3-6 years) Crisis: initiative versus guilt

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6
Q

What is the question and virtue of the third stage?

A

Question: How can I be powerful? Virtue: purpose

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7
Q

What is the fourth stage? (age & crisis)

A

School-Age (6-12 years)
Crisis: Industry versus Inferiority

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8
Q

What is the question and virtue of the fourth stage?

A

Question: How can I be capable?
Virtue: competency

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9
Q

What is the fifth stage? (age & crisis)

A

Adolescence (12-20 years)
Crisis: Identity versus role confusion

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10
Q

What is the question and virtue of the fifth stage?

A

Question: Who am I and what do I want to be?
Virtue: Fidelity

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11
Q

What is the sixth stage? (age & crisis)

A

Young Adulthood (20-40 years) Crisis: Intimacy versus isolation

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12
Q

What is the question and virtue of the sixth stage?

A

Question: How can I love?
Virtue: love

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13
Q

What is the seventh stage? (age & crisis)

A

Middle Adulthood (40-60 years) Crisis: generativity versus stagnation

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14
Q

What is the question and virtue of the seventh stage?

A

Question: How can I give back?
Virtue: Care

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15
Q

What is the eighth stage? (age & crisis)

A

Late Adulthood (60+ years) Crisis: Ego integrity verus despair

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16
Q

What is the question and virtue of the eighth stage?

A

Question: How can I look back on my life?
Virtue: Wisdom

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17
Q

Bandura - who was he?

A

Social cognitive theorist, North American (Canadien) rural environment/farm; still living (Stanford professor) Had to work on Alaskan highway after high school to pay for college; subculture gambling, drinking; social on thinking, sticking point person versus situation; inconspicuous beginning, NO mention of ego/unconscious

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18
Q

What is behaviorism?

A

behaviors that are learned through conditioning

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19
Q

Examples of behaviorism

A

get into fight -> get a lot of attention -> general aggressive personality (reward violence become aggressive

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20
Q

Examples of behaviorism

A

study -> get good grades -> conscientious/study heavy personality

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21
Q

Examples of behaviorism

A

after flower to crush -> rejected cry -> socially conscious

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22
Q

Examples of behaviorism

A

adventurous -> fall/get hurt -> shy/not try new things

23
Q

what also takes into account personal factors (cognitions, attitudes, skills, and feelings) and other ways of thinking?

A

behaviorism?

24
Q

Self-efficacy - belief in our own power to create an effort

A

(if low they give up easier)
Do you THINK you can?
Shape ability and personality

25
What is modeling?
are there other ways to learn from our environment. Bandura believed we might pick up some personalities by picking it up from others/models
26
What is the importance of bobo dolls?
use toy to test the effects of modeling; boys and girls ages 3-6; separated into groups, video or live of adult with bobo doll 1) interact in aggressive way hit, kick, angry talk 2) appropriate way - gently push it over kids in a room with bobo toy present
27
What were the results of the bobo doll experiment?
children exhibited both copy and aggressive behavior. boys more physically aggressive both genders verbally aggressive. more aggressive after same-sex model compared to opposite sex model. Still aggressive when with actual (live clown) imitate more when model reinforced (praise) (<- social learning)
28
What qualities are in more "successful" models?
same-sex (perceived similarity) more powerful (perceived) reinforced
29
What is reciprocal determinism?
behavior reciprocal process between behavioral, environment, personal factors (no direction) NOT linear cause or determinant of each other
30
Example of reciprocal determinism/self-efficacy
kids with low self-esteem, doesn't bother studying - receives F - other kids in a gang - punish him brusk with him - frustrated teachers and school admin - violence - more aggressive person - behavior fights - jail environment arrested
31
How is personality an influence of our environment?
family, friends, peers, school, cultural, society, group
32
How is personality influenced by behaviors?
study, clean up, refrain from technology etc.
33
How is personality influenced by psychological processes?
attitudes, personal factors, feelings, attitudes, things you learned
34
What is the social modeling process made up of?
the process - attention - retention - reproduction - motivation
35
What is attention?
observing it - we pay more attention to models who are similar, colorful, attractive, powerful/prestigious - most susceptible to learn from them
36
What is retention?
remembering it - short term memory is 7 -/+ things and for only 15-30 seconds, you have to recode/rehearse to put it into long term memory (store)
37
What is reproduction?
doing it - translate into action
38
What is motivation?
wanting it - promised - reinforcement = incentive promised - punishment = threat
39
What is self-regulation?
the ability to control our own behavior, empowerment model because you have power to be what you want to be
40
what is self-observation?
judgement, self-response ex. food journal, effective for change first step is awareness of those things
41
Judgement
compare to some standard we set for ourself often compare to others to decide if happy/not with behavior all use social norms to help us regulate example dress for class whether or not we meet standard
42
what is self-response
pat on the back for meeting/exceeding standard if we fall short & punish self-decrease chance of doing behaviors in future;
43
what is self esteem/self concept?
if you meet your standard & consistently reward yourself good self-concept if you fail your standards and consistently punish yourself poor self esteem, don't feel good about self (<- so much more affectively powerful)
44
What are the results of excessive self-punishment?
compensation - overcompensate for that low self esteem inactivity - apathetic, chronically underperform, with pseudo rewards - things you don't need rewards for escape - feelings of pain, may use drugs/alcohol
45
Where did Bandura believe neurosis comes from?
excessive self-punishment
46
How to improve self concept? (steps)
1. regarding self-observation - know thy self know behavior and what you are doing 2. regarding standards - for judgement do not set too high because you can't meet them and more likely to punish self, if too low meaningless don't put in effort (yorkes dodson curve) 3. regarding self response - use self rewards instead of self punishment (ites reflexive) if criticism/punishment walk it back no, i'm not stupid next time i'll work harder from very cbt bandura cognitive social theorist change self from power of the mind - need to get out of the rut you are in
47
Erikson Similarities to the psychanalytic stage theories
inner conflicts/need for resolution; reconciliation of personal desires and social roles; influence of relationship; & ego development
48
Erikson to psychoanalytic stage differences
childhood versus lifespan development; focus on social environment and adaptation; focus on conscious processes
49
Erikson's stages facts
from the cradle to the grave - lifespan theory; developmental; psychosocial - emphasizing the interplay between our social environment and our psyche
50
What does psychosocial mean?
emphasizing the interplay between our social environment and our psyche
51
What are Erikson's crises in his stages?
Crises - every stage has a development turning point; when we are experiencing the force of two conflicting ways of being; we have to experience the tension of those force and understand what's happening from each side before we can pick a direction
52
What are the components in Erikson's stages?
crises, questions, and virtues
53
What are virtues in Erikson's stages?
(basic strengths) what arises if we are able to successfully navigate the opposing force; develop basic strength of personality

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