Social Psychology Test 2 study guide Flashcards
Mostly seen in western cultures, defining yourself in terms of your own thoughts, feelings, and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others.
independent view of the self
Mostly seen in Asian cultures, defining yourself in terms of your relationship to other people and recognizing that your behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others. Connection to other people is valued and independence is frowned on.
interdependent view of the self
theories about the causes of your own feelings and behaviors.
causal theory
I bet I was more irritable because I only got 6 hours of sleep last night. (which theory best describes this)
causal theory
when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain try to figure them out by observing our behavior and the situation it happens in (done when we don’t know how we feel about something)
self-perception theory
Sarah doesn’t know how see feels about going on a roller coaster, so she observes her physical trepidation in her feet while standing in line. Which theory best describes this?
self-perception
What can you do to increase your self-control (self makes these decisions)?
PRAYER can help extend out amount of energy, planning ahead can also help extend the amount of energy we have (don’t fight thought, lean into it)
Peoples evaluation of their own self-worth. the extent to which people view themselves as good, competent, and decent. What is this term and what is it’s goal?
self-esteem; middle ground
What are the four functions of the self?
self-knowledge, self-control, self-esteem, and impression management
Which of these is NOT a function of the self?
self-esteem
impression management
self-control
self-efficacy
self-efficacy
the best, so that you can set a goal to aim for. Compare yourself to someone giving more, motivating you going forward to give more the next time
upward social comparison
to feel better about yourself, compare self to someone doing less than you
downward social comparison
I donated $50 to charity but, Mikayla donated $100. Next time, I want to donate $100. What best describes this example?
upward social comparison
I volunteered 50 hours this year! Sally volunteered 20 hours this year. I feel great about my time spent. What best describes this example?
downward social comparison
the discomfort that people feel when two cognitions (thoughts, beliefs, attitudes) conflict, or when they behave in ways that are inconsistent with their perception of themselves.
cognitive dissonance
I know and believe that working out at the gym is healthy, but I never go. What theory is this an example of?
cognitive dissonance theory
Which example has the MOST cognitive dissonance?
Your co-worker has a long to-do list but spends his day on his phone.
You want to build up savings to fund your shopping habits but you’ve recently been promoted with a pay-raise.
Your parents are older and you want them to eat healthy but they each continue to snack on unhealthy foods.
You know that smoking is harmful to your health but you continue to do it.
ABOUT YOU/self + is current. There is choice and there are perceived negative consequences
How can you reduce cognitive dissonance? (5 ways)
change behavior (to be in line with thought) i.e. quit smoking
change attitude (justify behavior by changing thoughts) i.e. smoking helps me keep calm
Add new thoughts i.e. my Uncle smoked everyday and lived until 98.
self-affirmation remind self of your positive attributes i.e. I partied way too hard but at least I go to the gym and eat healthy (remember rational that backs up own things forget irrational backing, remember irrational opposing arguments
justification of effort (increase liking after working harder to attain it i.e. waiting a long time to get concert tickets
people increase their liking of something they worked harder to attain i.e. Bluey and Bingo are able to push their rag-doll father to the store and earned their ice cream reward making it taste even better.
justification of effort
Who has more dissonance when they do something wrong?
A person with…
high self esteem
low self esteem
psychopathy
narcissism
A. high self-esteem (highest discomfort when self-esteem is threatened, if you have a lot of it that is a lot to be threatened. And, it goes against those strong self-esteem beliefs.
a reason or explanation for dissonant personal behavior that comes from outside the individual
i.e. I want to beat up my brother, but I don’t want to get punished
external justification
reducing your uncomfortable, conflicting feelings/thoughts by changing something about yourself
i.e. want to beat up your brother but, you don’t want to be a person who beats little kids up
internal justification
What did the Texas University study learn when asking students to write an essay in favor of legalizing marijuana (they were opposed to it)
students paid large amount (external) didn’t need to change belief to complete task, those paid little did feel they had to change their personal views to write a good essay (they needed more internal)
Which type of justification leads to longer lasting change?
internal justification (small reward/mild punishment)
