Theories of learning Flashcards
What are the three learning theories?
Operant conditioning, cognitive theory, social learning
Explain operant conditioning?
learning through trial and error, conditioning the most effective response
Explain cognitive theory?
This is learning by doing the whole skill and using problem solving skills to work out how to perform the skill effectively
Explain social learning theory?
This is learning through copying and imitating others
What is an associationist theory?
learning occurs as a result of the association or connection between a stimulus and a response
When does learning take place?
When a bond is made between stimulus and response, this is due to conditioning or shaping behaviour
What are the two types of conditioning?
Classical and operant
Why is reinforcement used?
This is used to strengthen an
stimulus-response (S-R) bond
and therefore increases the
likelihood that the behaviour will
occur in the same way again
What are throndike’s laws?
These laws were developed to
help strengthen the S-R bond
when using operant conditioning
as a learning method
What does operant conditioning involve?
- manipulating or changing the environment to trigger the desired response
- learn by association
- forming and strengthening the S-R bond
- shaping and modifying behaviour through practice
What is positive reinforcement?
presentation of a pleasant stimulus to the performer after a desired response
What is negative reinforcement?
presentation of an unpleasant stimulus after an incorrect response
What is punishment?
Presentation of a noxious stimulus after an incorrect response
What is the law of effect?
Reinforcement or praise will strengthen the S-R bond
What is the law of exercise?
Repeating the movements will strengthen the S-R bond
What is the law of readiness?
The learner must have the physical and mental capability to perform the skill
What are intervening variables?
factors which come between the stimulus occurring sand the response
What does the cognitive theory involve?
Drawing on past experiences
What are the advantages of the cognitive theory?
- Adaptability
- Quick
- Future problem solving
- Kinaesthetic feel
What are the disadvantages of the cognitive theory?
_Cognitive ability
- Too complex
- Motivation
What factors make a successful model?
If the model is the same or similar to you in terms of age/gender/sport/
position/attitude/culture
* If the model is significant/powerful or someone we look up to
* If the model’s behaviour is reinforced/praised/rewarded
* If the demonstration is high standard/consistent/accurate/successful
* If the model uses relevant behaviour/socially acceptable behaviour
* If the model is friendly or attractive
* If the demonstration is clear and/or repeated
* If the observer is focused on the relevant cues and can remember what
they have seen (uses mental rehearsal)
* If the observer is motivated
Social Learning/Observational
Learning Theory
