sports psychology Flashcards
What is sports psychology?
the study of how psychology influences athletic performance, exercise and physical activity
What is the definition of personality?
the sum of an individuals characteristics which make them unique - Hollander
What are the three theories of personality?
- trait
- social learning
- interactionist
What does trait theory suggest?
inherited or genetically predetermined qualities
What does social learning theory suggest?
copying behaviour of role models
What does interactionist theory suggest?
interaction between traits and environment, behaviour is unpredictable
What was eysenk’s theory?
the characteristics of extroversion, introversion, stable and unstable
What was Girando’s narrow band approach?
- the characteristics of type A and B
- type A: tends to be highly aroused, prone to excessive anxiety
- type B: able to control arousal, can relax and subdue anxiety
What is the social learning approach?
personality is shaped and changed by watching and copying behaviours from significant others
What is socialisation?
All behaviour is learned through environmental experiences and influence of others. Sport has a strong socialising effect
What did bandora suggest about behaviour?
Function of environment
What is the concentric ring theory?
There are three sections:
- Role related behaviour - surface of personality
- Typical response - your usual response in most situations
- the psychological core - the ‘real you’
What are two methods of testing personality?
- observations
- psychometric methods such as questionnaires
What are problems with these tests?
- lack of accuracy
- participant honesty
- desire to create a favourable impression
- ambiguous questions
What are mood states
a better predictor of successful athletes than personality tests
What moods are measured?
tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue, confusion
What shaped graph do successful athletes have?
iceberg shaped
What is the definition of attitude
an emotional response that influences behaviour and brings about an individuals typical actions towards an attitude object
What is an attitude
predisposition to act in a particular way to an attitude object. They are learned rather than innate
What factors affect attitude
- parents
- peers
- religion
- education
- media
- past experiences
What are the three components of the triadic model of attitude?
- Cognitive component, belief or knowledge a person has about the attitude object
- Affective component, emotional aspect of attitude
- Behavioural component, the response or behaviour towards an attitude object
What is important about the triadic model of attitude?
all elements of the model must relate to each other to make attitude stable
What did Dishman say?
Individuals with a positive beliefs about exercise does not guarantee commitment to exercise programme
What did Fishbein say?
As attitudes become more specific they are more likely to predict behaviour
What is motivation?
desire to fulfil a need, it energises and detects behaviour
What is a achievement motivation?
a concept linked to personality with the degree of competitiveness shown by the individual
What did Murray say?
competitive motivation is a product of nature
What did bandura suggest about motivation?
competitive motivation was a product of learning
What did Atkinson and McCelland suggest about motivation?
combination of both personality and situational factors
What two personality traits that achieve achievement motivation?
- high need to achieve
- high need to avoid failure
Explain the high need to achieve?
desire to succeed far outweighs fear of failure. Will demonstrate a ‘tendency to approach success’ in their behaviour
Explain high need to avoid failure?
associated with a low need to achieve, fear of failure far outweighs desire to succeed. Will demonstrate a ‘tendency to avoid failure’
What do TAS behaviour show?
- like feedback
- competitive in all situations
- take responsibility
- don’t give up
What do TAF behaviour show?
- dislike feedback
- non-competitive
- avoids responsibility
- give up
What do TAF personalities show?
- high anxiety
- experience learned helplessness
What do TAS personalities show?
- more likely to trigger motivation
- display mastery orientation
Explain characteristics of High NACH?
- motivated
- competitive
- desire to achieve
- responsible
- very persistent
- mastery orientation
Explain characteristics of high NAF?
- unmotivated
- not competitive
- lazy
- no responsibility
- not persistent
- learned helplessness
