sports psychology

Question 1

What is sports psychology?

Answer 1

the study of how psychology influences athletic performance, exercise and physical activity

Question 2

What is the definition of personality?

Answer 2

the sum of an individuals characteristics which make them unique - Hollander

Question 3

What are the three theories of personality?

Answer 3

• trait
• social learning
• interactionist

Question 4

What does trait theory suggest?

Answer 4

inherited or genetically predetermined qualities

Question 5

What does social learning theory suggest?

Answer 5

copying behaviour of role models

Question 6

What does interactionist theory suggest?

Answer 6

interaction between traits and environment, behaviour is unpredictable

Question 7

What was eysenk’s theory?

Answer 7

the characteristics of extroversion, introversion, stable and unstable

Question 8

What was Girando’s narrow band approach?

Answer 8

• the characteristics of type A and B
• type A: tends to be highly aroused, prone to excessive anxiety
• type B: able to control arousal, can relax and subdue anxiety

Question 9

What is the social learning approach?

Answer 9

personality is shaped and changed by watching and copying behaviours from significant others

Question 10

What is socialisation?

Answer 10

All behaviour is learned through environmental experiences and influence of others. Sport has a strong socialising effect

Question 11

What did bandora suggest about behaviour?

Answer 11

Function of environment

Question 12

What is the concentric ring theory?

Answer 12

There are three sections:
- Role related behaviour - surface of personality
- Typical response - your usual response in most situations
- the psychological core - the ‘real you’

Question 13

What are two methods of testing personality?

Answer 13

• observations
• psychometric methods such as questionnaires

Question 14

What are problems with these tests?

Answer 14

• lack of accuracy
• participant honesty
• desire to create a favourable impression
• ambiguous questions

Question 15

What are mood states

Answer 15

a better predictor of successful athletes than personality tests

Question 16

What moods are measured?

Answer 16

tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue, confusion

Question 17

What shaped graph do successful athletes have?

Answer 17

iceberg shaped

Question 18

What is the definition of attitude

Answer 18

an emotional response that influences behaviour and brings about an individuals typical actions towards an attitude object

Question 19

What is an attitude

Answer 19

predisposition to act in a particular way to an attitude object. They are learned rather than innate

Question 20

What factors affect attitude

Answer 20

• parents
• peers
• religion
• education
• media
• past experiences

Question 21

What are the three components of the triadic model of attitude?

Answer 21

• Cognitive component, belief or knowledge a person has about the attitude object
• Affective component, emotional aspect of attitude
• Behavioural component, the response or behaviour towards an attitude object

Question 22

What is important about the triadic model of attitude?

Answer 22

all elements of the model must relate to each other to make attitude stable

Question 23

What did Dishman say?

Answer 23

Individuals with a positive beliefs about exercise does not guarantee commitment to exercise programme

Question 24

What did Fishbein say?

Answer 24

As attitudes become more specific they are more likely to predict behaviour

Question 25

What is motivation?

Answer 25

desire to fulfil a need, it energises and detects behaviour

Question 26

What is a achievement motivation?

Answer 26

a concept linked to personality with the degree of competitiveness shown by the individual

Question 27

What did Murray say?

Answer 27

competitive motivation is a product of nature

Question 28

What did bandura suggest about motivation?

Answer 28

competitive motivation was a product of learning

Question 29

What did Atkinson and McCelland suggest about motivation?

Answer 29

combination of both personality and situational factors

Question 30

What two personality traits that achieve achievement motivation?

Answer 30

• high need to achieve
• high need to avoid failure

Question 31

Explain the high need to achieve?

Answer 31

desire to succeed far outweighs fear of failure. Will demonstrate a ‘tendency to approach success’ in their behaviour

Question 32

Explain high need to avoid failure?

Answer 32

associated with a low need to achieve, fear of failure far outweighs desire to succeed. Will demonstrate a ‘tendency to avoid failure’

Question 33

What do TAS behaviour show?

Answer 33

• like feedback
• competitive in all situations
• take responsibility
• don’t give up

Question 34

What do TAF behaviour show?

Answer 34

• dislike feedback
• non-competitive
• avoids responsibility
• give up

Question 35

What do TAF personalities show?

Answer 35

• high anxiety
• experience learned helplessness

Question 36

What do TAS personalities show?

Answer 36

• more likely to trigger motivation
• display mastery orientation

Question 37

Explain characteristics of High NACH?

Answer 37

• motivated
• competitive
• desire to achieve
• responsible
• very persistent
• mastery orientation

Question 38

Explain characteristics of high NAF?

Answer 38

• unmotivated
• not competitive
• lazy
• no responsibility
• not persistent
• learned helplessness