THEORIES OF HEALTH EDUCATION: TRENDS, ISSUES AND THE FUTURE OF HEALTH EDUCATION

Question 1

MODEL OF THEORIES
These theories can be classified on the basis
of being directed at the level of:

Answer 1

a. Individual (Intrapersonal)
b. Interpersonal
c. Community

Question 2

MODEL OF THEORIES

Answer 2

HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY BY NOLA
PENDER (REVISED)

Bandura’s Self-efficacy Theory

Becker’s Health Belief Model

GREEN’S PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL

Question 3

Developed in 1987 and revised by
Pender in 1996 “to increase the utility of
its predictions and interventions”

Answer 3

HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY BY NOLA
PENDER (REVISED)

Question 4

Process of empowering people to make
healthy lifestyle choices and motivating
them to become better self-managers.

Answer 4

HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY BY NOLA
PENDER (REVISED)

Question 5

Directed at increasing a patient’s level of
well-being.

Answer 5

HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY BY NOLA
PENDER (REVISED)

Question 6

Complementary counterpart to models
of health education.

Answer 6

HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY BY NOLA
PENDER (REVISED)

Question 7

Defines health as a positive dynamic
state rather than simply the absence of
disease.

Answer 7

HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY BY NOLA
PENDER (REVISED)

Question 8

Describes the multidimensional nature
of persons

Answer 8

HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY BY NOLA
PENDER (REVISED)

Question 9

3 AREAS OF FOCUS OF HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY BY NOLA
PENDER (REVISED)

Answer 9

a. Individual characteristics and
experiences

b. Behavior-specific cognitions and
affect

c. Behavioral outcome

Question 10

prior related behavior or personal factors

Answer 10

a. Individual characteristics and
experiences

Question 11

o Perceived benefits of action
o Perceived barriers to action
o Perceived self-efficacy
o Activity-related effect
o Interpersonal influences
o Situational influences

Answer 11

b. Behavior-specific cognitions and
affect

Question 12

o Commitment to a plan of action
o Immediate competing demands
and preferences

Answer 12

c. Behavioral outcome

Question 13

Emphasizes the cognitive aspect of
learning which explains human behavior

Answer 13

SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY

Question 14

plays a critical role in people’s
capability to construct reality, selfregulate,
encode information and
perform behaviors.

Answer 14

Cognition

Question 15

The belief that we have in our own
abilities, ability to meet challenges
ahead and successfully complete a task.

Answer 15

SELF -EFFICACY

Question 16

is the single most important aspect of
the sense of self that determines one’s
effort to change behavior according to
Bandura.

Answer 16

SELF -EFFICACY

Question 17

HOW TO INCREASE SELFEFFICACY?

Answer 17

o Personal mastery of a task
o Observing the performance of others
o Verbal Persuasion
o Arousal of her/his emotional state

Question 18

➢ Model introduced by psychologists to
find out why people refused to use
available preventive health services in
the 1950’s.
➢ Attempts to explain and predict health
behaviors

Answer 18

Becker’s Health Belief Model

Question 19

FOUR CONSTRUCTS: Becker’s Health Belief Model

Answer 19

a. Perceived Susceptibility
b. Perceived Severity
c. Perceived Benefits
d. Perceived Barriers

Question 20

➢ Was based on the epidemiological
perspective on health promotion to
combat the leading causes of death

Answer 20

GREEN’S PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL

Question 21

is any combination of
learning experiences designed to
facilitate voluntary actions conducive to
health

Answer 21

Health education

Question 22

1. Social diagnosis
2. Epidemiologic, Behavior and
   Environmental diagnosis
3. Educational & Ecological diagnosis
4. Administrative & Policy diagnosis

Answer 22

PRECEDE PHASE:

Question 23

5. Implementation
6. Process evaluation
7. Impact evaluation
8. Outcome evaluation

Answer 23

PROCEED PHASE

Question 24

Alternative Medicine is another
form of

Answer 24

prosumerism

Question 25

also known as Medical Prosumerism,

Answer 25

Decentralization

Question 26

Providers will increasingly
establish …..
to provide services effectively and
at moderate cost

Answer 26

“centers of excellence”