THEORIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
Systematic statement of principles that provides a
framework for explaining some phenomenon.
- Theory
A skill or a growth responsibility arising at a
particular time in an individual’s life, the
achievement of which will provide a foundation for
the accomplishment of future tasks.
- Developmental Task
Sociocultural theories
stress the importance of
environment on growth and development.
Learning theory
proposes children are like blank pages
that can be shaped by learning (Horowitz, 1994).
Basic Divisions of Childhood
Neonate
Infant
Toddler
Preschooler
School-age child
Adolescent
Stage Age Period
Neonate First 28 days of life
Infant 1 mo – 1 yr
Toddler 1 – 3 yr
Preschooler 3 – 5 yr
School-age child 6 – 12 yr
Adolescent 13 – 21 yr
Epigenetic theories
stress that genes are the true basis
for growth and development.
Psychoanalysis
A method or therapy developed by Freud to uncover unconscious thoughts, feelings, and conflicts.
Theory of Psychosexual Development
explains how personality develops through stages during childhood.
Psychoanalytic Theory
A broader theory that combines ideas from Freud’s psychoanalysis and psychosexual development.
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
INFANT
“oral phase”
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
TODDLER
“anal phase”
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
PRESCHOOLER
“phallic phase”
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
SCHOOL-AGE CHILD
“latent phase”,
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
ADOLESCENT
“genital phase”,
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Conscious Level
Ego
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages|
Preconscious Level
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Unconscious Level
Infancy (0-1)
year)
Conflict
Resolution
or “Virtue”
Culmination in
old age
Basic trust
vs mistrust
Hope
Appreciation of
interdependence
and relatedness
Early childhood
(1-3 years)
Conflict
Resolution
or “Virtue”
Culmination in
old age
Autonomy
vs shape
Will
Acceptance of
the cycle of life,
from integration
to disintegration.
Play Age (3-6
years)
Conflict
Resolution
or “Virtue”
Culmination in
old age
Initiative vs
guilt
Purpose
Humor; empathy;
resilience
School Age (6-
12 years)
Conflict
Resolution
or “Virtue”
Culmination in
old age
Industry vs
Inferiority
Competence
Humility;
acceptance of the
course of one’s
life and unfulfilled
hopes
Adolescence
(12-19 years)
Conflict
Resolution
or “Virtue”
Culmination in
old age
Identity vs
Confusion
Fidelity
Sense of
complexity of life;
merging of
sensory, logical
and aesthetic
perception
Early adulthood
(20-25 years)
Conflict
Resolution
or “Virtue”
Culmination in
old age
Intimacy vs
Isolation
Love
Sense of the
complexity of
relationships;
value of
tenderness and
loving freely
Adulthood (26-
64 years)
Conflict
Resolution
or “Virtue”
Culmination in
old age
Generativity
vs
Stagnation
Care
Caritas, caring for
others, and
agape, empathy
and concern
