THE FAMILY WITH AN INFANT Flashcards
Infancy
During this time, an infant_ birth weight and increases
length by
triples
50%
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
* To assess gross motor development, an infant is observed
in four positions:
ventral suspension, prone, sitting, and
standing.
FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
1
2
4
6
7
1
strong grasp reflex, tightly holding
their hands in fists.
2
the grasp reflex begins to fade, and infants
can hold objects for a few minutes with open hands.
4
they bring hands together, pull at clothes,
and can shake a rattle.
6
infants can hold objects in both hands, drop
one toy for another, and start feeding themselves with a
spoon.
7
can transfer toys between hands, and
ineffective grasping disappears by eight months.
FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
A major milestone at ten months is the ability to use a
At twelve months, infants can
pincer grasp
draw a semi straight line, feed themselves with a cup and spoon, and perform basic self-
help tasks like taking off socks.
THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT (FREUD)
Oral stage (infant explores the world using his mouth
through sucking, swallowing, crying and biting).
* Lack of oral experiences may lead to alcoholism or obesity
later in life.
* Provide pacifiers, do not discourage thumb sucking.
* Breastfeeding provides stimulation.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (ERICKSON)
Trust vs Mistrust
o Trust develops in infant if needs are met and
discomforts are immediately relieved.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (PIAGET)
Stage 1 2 3 4
Stage 1 –use of reflexes (birth to 1 month)
Stage 2 – primary circular reaction (1 to 4 months)
Stage 3 –– secondary circular reaction (4 to 8 months)
stage 4– Coordination of secondary schemata (8 to 12
months
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (PIAGET)
Greatest fears
* Type of play –
* Toys recommended –
– stranger anxiety
solitary|
– musical box, teething rings, soft
cuddly toys, rattles, mobiles, and squeezed toys.
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
1 MONTH
Strong Extrusion Reflex
MD – largely reflex
* FMD– keeps hands fisted, able to follow object to midline
Play –enjoys watching face
Vision – able to follow a short distance (18 inches) but not
across midline;
Hearing – quiets momentarily at a distinctive sound such
as a bell or a squeaky rubber toy
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
2 MONTH
MD – lifts head when in prone
* FMD – social smile
S & L – vocalizes small throaty sound;
Play – enjoys bright-colored mobiles
Vision – focus well and follow objects with the eyes
although still not past the midline (binocular vision)
Hearing – stop an activity at the sound of spoken words
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
3 MONTH
Moves head towards sound; holds rattle temporarily;
recognizes mother
MD – holds head and chest up when prone
* FMD – follows object past midline
S & L – laughs out loud
Play – spends time looking at hands or uses them as toys
during the month (hand regard)
Vision – follow an object across their midline, they typically
hold their hands in front of their face and study their fingers
Hearing – turn heads to attempt to locate a sound
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
4 MONTH
MD – grasp, stepping, tonic reflexes are fading
Play – need space to turn
Vision – recognize familiar objects,
Hearing – when infants hear a distinctive sound they turn
and look in that direction
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
5 MONTH
MD – turns front to back (roll over); no longer has head lag
when pulled upright; bears partial weight on feet when held
upright
* FMD – begins finger foods, reaches for objects
* S & L – vocalizes displeasure
* Play – handles rattles well
* Hearing – they can localize sound downward and to side,
by turning their head and looking down
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
6 MONTH
eruption of first temporary teeth
* birth weight doubled
MD – turns both ways; Moro reflex fading
* FMD – use palmar grasp
S & L – may say vowel sounds (oh-oh)
Play – enjoys bathtub toys
Vision – capable of organized depth perception
Hearing – being able to locate sounds made above them
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
7 MONTH
MD – reaches out in anticipation of being picked up,
FMD – transfer objects hand to hand
S & L – shows beginning fear of strangers, recognizes
familiar faces;
Play – likes objects that are good size for transferring
Vision – pat their image in a mirror;
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
8 MONTH
crawl and creeps; height of stranger anxiety
MD – sits securely without support
S & L – has peak fear of strangers
Play – enjoys manipulation, rattles and toys of different
textures
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
9 MONTH
MD – creeps or crawl (abdomen off floor)
* S & L – says first word (da-da) or (ma-ma), cries when
scolded
* Play – needs space for creeping
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
10 MONTHS
MD – pulls self to standing
FMD – uses pincer grasp
S & L – responds to own name;
Play – plays games like patty- cake and peek-a-boo
Play – plays games like patty- cake and peek-a-boo
Hearing – can recognize their name and listen acutely
when spoken to
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
11 MONTHS
MD – “cruises” (walk with support)
* Play – “Cruises”
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
12 MONTHS
birth weight 3x; stands alone and takes few steps;
cooperate in dressing; obeys simple command or request
MD – stands alone;
FMD – holds cup and spoon well;
S & L – says two words plus ma-ma and da-da
Hearing – can easily locate sound any direction and turn
toward it;
SUGGESTION SCHEDULE FOR INTRODUCTION OF
SOLID FOODS
age:
5-6
7
8
9
10
5-6
iron fortified infant
7
vegetables
8
fruit
9 meat
10
egg yolk
