THE FAMILY WITH AN INFANT

Question 1

Infancy

During this time, an infant_ birth weight and increases
length by

Answer 1

triples
50%

Question 2

GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
* To assess gross motor development, an infant is observed
in four positions:

Answer 2

ventral suspension, prone, sitting, and
standing.

Question 3

FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

1
2
4
6
7

Answer 3

1
strong grasp reflex, tightly holding
their hands in fists.

2
the grasp reflex begins to fade, and infants
can hold objects for a few minutes with open hands.

4
they bring hands together, pull at clothes,
and can shake a rattle.

6
infants can hold objects in both hands, drop
one toy for another, and start feeding themselves with a
spoon.

7
can transfer toys between hands, and
ineffective grasping disappears by eight months.

Question 4

FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

A major milestone at ten months is the ability to use a

At twelve months, infants can

Answer 4

pincer grasp

draw a semi straight line, feed themselves with a cup and spoon, and perform basic self-
help tasks like taking off socks.

Question 5

THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT (FREUD)

Answer 5

Oral stage (infant explores the world using his mouth
through sucking, swallowing, crying and biting).
* Lack of oral experiences may lead to alcoholism or obesity
later in life.
* Provide pacifiers, do not discourage thumb sucking.
* Breastfeeding provides stimulation.

Question 6

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (ERICKSON)

Answer 6

Trust vs Mistrust
o Trust develops in infant if needs are met and
discomforts are immediately relieved.

Question 7

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (PIAGET)

Stage 1 2 3 4

Answer 7

Stage 1 –use of reflexes (birth to 1 month)

Stage 2 – primary circular reaction (1 to 4 months)

Stage 3 –– secondary circular reaction (4 to 8 months)

stage 4– Coordination of secondary schemata (8 to 12
months

Question 8

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (PIAGET)

Greatest fears
* Type of play –
* Toys recommended –

Answer 8

– stranger anxiety
solitary|

– musical box, teething rings, soft
cuddly toys, rattles, mobiles, and squeezed toys.

Question 9

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

1 MONTH

Answer 9

Strong Extrusion Reflex

MD – largely reflex
* FMD– keeps hands fisted, able to follow object to midline
Play –enjoys watching face
Vision – able to follow a short distance (18 inches) but not
across midline;

Hearing – quiets momentarily at a distinctive sound such
as a bell or a squeaky rubber toy

Question 10

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

2 MONTH

Answer 10

MD – lifts head when in prone
* FMD – social smile
S & L – vocalizes small throaty sound;

Play – enjoys bright-colored mobiles

Vision – focus well and follow objects with the eyes
although still not past the midline (binocular vision)

Hearing – stop an activity at the sound of spoken words

Question 11

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

3 MONTH

Answer 11

Moves head towards sound; holds rattle temporarily;
recognizes mother

MD – holds head and chest up when prone
* FMD – follows object past midline

S & L – laughs out loud

Play – spends time looking at hands or uses them as toys
during the month (hand regard)

Vision – follow an object across their midline, they typically
hold their hands in front of their face and study their fingers

Hearing – turn heads to attempt to locate a sound

Question 12

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

4 MONTH

Answer 12

MD – grasp, stepping, tonic reflexes are fading
Play – need space to turn
Vision – recognize familiar objects,
Hearing – when infants hear a distinctive sound they turn
and look in that direction

Question 13

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

5 MONTH

Answer 13

MD – turns front to back (roll over); no longer has head lag
when pulled upright; bears partial weight on feet when held
upright
* FMD – begins finger foods, reaches for objects
* S & L – vocalizes displeasure
* Play – handles rattles well
* Hearing – they can localize sound downward and to side,
by turning their head and looking down

Question 14

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

6 MONTH

Answer 14

eruption of first temporary teeth
* birth weight doubled

MD – turns both ways; Moro reflex fading
* FMD – use palmar grasp

S & L – may say vowel sounds (oh-oh)

Play – enjoys bathtub toys
Vision – capable of organized depth perception

Hearing – being able to locate sounds made above them

Question 15

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

7 MONTH

Answer 15

MD – reaches out in anticipation of being picked up,

FMD – transfer objects hand to hand

S & L – shows beginning fear of strangers, recognizes
familiar faces;

Play – likes objects that are good size for transferring

Vision – pat their image in a mirror;

Question 16

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

8 MONTH

Answer 16

crawl and creeps; height of stranger anxiety

MD – sits securely without support
S & L – has peak fear of strangers
Play – enjoys manipulation, rattles and toys of different
textures

Question 17

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

9 MONTH

Answer 17

MD – creeps or crawl (abdomen off floor)
* S & L – says first word (da-da) or (ma-ma), cries when
scolded
* Play – needs space for creeping

Question 18

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

10 MONTHS

Answer 18

MD – pulls self to standing
FMD – uses pincer grasp
S & L – responds to own name;
Play – plays games like patty- cake and peek-a-boo

Play – plays games like patty- cake and peek-a-boo
Hearing – can recognize their name and listen acutely
when spoken to

Question 19

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

11 MONTHS

Answer 19

MD – “cruises” (walk with support)
* Play – “Cruises”

Question 20

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

12 MONTHS

Answer 20

birth weight 3x; stands alone and takes few steps;
cooperate in dressing; obeys simple command or request

MD – stands alone;
FMD – holds cup and spoon well;

S & L – says two words plus ma-ma and da-da

Hearing – can easily locate sound any direction and turn
toward it;

Question 21

SUGGESTION SCHEDULE FOR INTRODUCTION OF

SOLID FOODS

age:
5-6

7

8

9

10

Answer 21

5-6
iron fortified infant

7
vegetables

8
fruit

9 meat

10
egg yolk