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Developmental > Theories of development > Flashcards

Theories of development Flashcards

1
Q

Continuous development

A

Occurs from childhood through to adulthood
Not quantitatively different from adults
Children are mini-adults

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2
Q

Development as stages

A

Stages are linked to specific ages/periods of time

Children are quantitatively different from adults in psychological terms

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3
Q

Which theory: continuous and nurture?

A

Behaviourism

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4
Q

Which theory: continuous and nature?

A

Nativism

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5
Q

Which theory: stages and nature/nurture

A

Freudian and constructivism

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6
Q

Which theory: stages and nature?

A

Maturation/ethology

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7
Q

Two main theorists of behaviourism?

A

Pavlov and Skinner

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8
Q

What is shaping?

A

Gradual process of pair association

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9
Q

Give an example of shaping

A

Language development

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10
Q

Main processes of development according to behaviourism?

A

Classical and operant conditioning

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11
Q

Main theorist of nativism?

A

Noam Chomsky

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12
Q

How is nativism different to behaviourism?

A

Suggests language is innate as children pick it up without being offically taught

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13
Q

Main theorists of maturation/ethology

A

Lorenz and Bowlby

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14
Q

What is the critical period of attchment in infants?

A

8-9months

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15
Q

Why is Freud important?

A

He pioneered the area of research

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16
Q

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A

Oral, anal, genital, phallic and latent

17
Q

Main theorist of constructivism?

A

Piaget

18
Q

How can a child move on to the next stage according to constructivism?

A

Overcome their egocentrism

19
Q

What is egocentrism?

A

An inability to see the world from someone else’s perspective

20
Q

How does the child participate in their development according to constructivism?

A

Actively by discovering the social/physical world

21
Q

Criticism of constructivism?

A

Overlapping waves theory: children use both old and new strageties to solve problems

Developmental (5 decks)

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