Theories of Crime - general Qs Flashcards
What does Durkheim imagine a ‘society of saints’ to be populated by?
Perfect individuals
What is the relationship between income inequality and crime?
Income inequality increases crime rates.
What term did Durkheim use to describe the loss of shared guiding principles and norms?
Anomie
According to Durkheim, what strengthens social cohesion?
Crime
What does Merton identify as a strain in society?
The difference between cultural goals and legitimate means
What term describes individuals who reject conventional means of acquiring wealth and turn to illegal means?
Innovation
What did delinquent youth cultures often accept according to Abercrombie, Hill, and Turner?
The material goals of society
What term did Shaw and McKay coin to describe areas where change is regularly occurring?
Zones of transition
What is one consequence of social disorganisation in areas of higher deprivation?
Development of criminal traditions
According to Shaw and McKay, who do youths learn from in areas with criminal traditions?
Elders
What is a characteristic of the conflict subculture identified by Cloward and Ohlin?
Gang violence
Who do county lines drug gangs often exploit to transport drugs?
Young people and those with mental health issues
According to Albert Cohen, what leads to the formation of delinquent subcultures?
Material deprivation and cultural deprivation
Which activities are valued within the delinquent subculture?
Stealing, vandalism, and truancy
In February 2018, which city did London briefly overtake for the highest homicide rate in the world?
New York
What do interactionists focus on in terms of criminality?
How criminality develops in social interactions between a potential deviant and the agents of social control
What example is given to illustrate a change in perception of ‘normal’ behaviour?
Sunbathing in the park during COVID-19 lockdown
According to Howard Becker, when does behaviour become criminal or deviant?
When it is labelled as such by others
According to the Home Office research, what percentage of tabloid readers thought crime had increased significantly?
43%
