Theories of Child Development Flashcards
Neuromaturational
-development follows a set, invariant sequence
-development is tightly tied to CNS development
-motor development is cephalocaudal and goes proximally to distally
-recent modifications acknowledge variations in sequence and input from all systems
-Gesell, McGraw, Bayley, Bobath, Bly
Cognitive
-thinking develops in stages of increasing complexity
-children organize mental schemes through use of mental operations
-Piaget, Vygotsky, Montessori
Behavioral
-behavior shaped by environment
-stimulus, response, and and environmental consequence constitute contingency of a behavior
-consequences of behavior influence future occurrences of behavior
-ABA = application of behavioral theory
-Skinner, Bandura
Psychoanalytical/Psychosocial
-biologically determined drives and unconscious conflict
-the core of these conflicts is sexual
-initial drives are for survival
-when basic needs are met, we seek self-actualization
-Freud, Erikson, Maslow
Dynamic Systems
-movement emerges based on the internal milieu (personal characteristics), the external environment and task
-movement is not directed by one system, but by many dynamic, interacting systems
-Gross Motor Milestones learned through adaptation
-movements modulated as child explores their movement variability to fit a new task
-emergence of new skills may change organization of established patterns of responses
-Bernstein, Kelso, Thelen, Heriza, Shumway-Cook, Horak, Valvano
Neuronal Group Selection
-infant motor development includes periods of increased and decreased variability due to changes in the CNS
-cortical and subcortical systems dynamically organize into variable neural networks
-Sporns, Edelman, Hadders-Algra, Helders
