theories of aging and its nursing implication Flashcards
Humans are born with biologic clock that pre-determines life span
genetic error theory
Radiation and chemical reactions. Attach to DNA strandand disrupt cellular mitosis and division
cross linking theory
Highly reactive molecules and cellular by-products that damages protein, enzymes, and DNA
free radical theory
nursing intervention for cellular repair
vitamin c and e
protection against free radical
beta-carotene
Repeated, continued and prolong use of body, Injury, Trauma, Insult, and Stress
wear and tear theory
Aging as a result of changes in the brain and endocrine glands
neuroendocrine theory
hormone that promotes aging process
anterior pituitary hormone
hormone that is absent when one has parkinson’s disease
dopamine
relationship between aging and disease processes
BIOGERONTOLOGY THEORY
single most factor for health status and longevity determinant
nutrition theory
Reduction in caloric intake has multiple positive effects
caloric restriction theory
theory caused by: changes in cellular DNA and leads to problems in cell replication
cell malfunction theory
theory caused by toxin build up that leads to cellular death
toxin theory
focuses on how certain people successfully age well, Expected progression from midlife to older life based on social factors
social theory
Older person remains active in society and community
after retirement
activity theory
Individuals withdraw and isolate themselves from prior social interactions/ relationship due to aging
disengagement theory
Focuses on inner self, life satisfaction, values contemplation, positive characters
GEROTRANSCENDENCE THEORY
maintain, retain, and continue their roles, adaptation techniques, personality throughout life with consistency and little change
continuity theory
type of personality that is well adjusted to aging
integrated
type of personality that fail to cope aging successfully
unintegrated
type of personality that continue roles held during middle age
armored-defended
type of personality that is highly dependent in external world
passive-dependent
Successful aging refers to ability to function in the environment
PERSON ENVIRONMENT FIT THEORY
Older adult make a unique subgroup, defined group, or subculture to interact among themselves
subculture theory
Study social life with emphasis on establishing a meaningful experiences and understanding
SOCIAL PHENOMENOLOGY THEORY
Medical and healthcare practitioners…
○ Distance themselves from elders
○ Treat elders as dependent objects
○ Controllers of long term care facility
FOUCAULT EFFECT THEORY
Uses “object” positively to improve things or to make the
situation better
critical theory
person’s social class determines person’s ability to
access to resources
political economy theory
Multidisciplinary view regarding the aging process, changes & development
LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVE THEORY
Balance between elder’s contribution to society and cost
of supporting elders
social exchange theory
control of one’s life, choose best choices, acceptance of self-worth
ego integrity
dissatisfied or disappointed in one’s life
despair
stage in developmental theory that Adjust to retirement, Reduction of income, Decrease in physical strength, health
tasks older person
cognitive theory stage that develops rational and logical thinking
formal operational
from fowler’s spiritual development that is aware that truth is from various viewpoints
paradoxical-consolidative
westerhoff’s stages of faith where faith is personal
owned faith
moral developmental theory by kohlberg that believes in higher moral principle (equality, justice, due
process)
post conventional
Personality develops over lifetime; composed of ego/
self-identity
individualism theory
private feelings and
perceptions surrounding important persons or life events
personal unconsciousness
foundation of personality
on which personal unconsciousness and ego are built.
collective unconsciousness
Older adult must achieve self-actualization or
fulfillment of personal goals at this age period
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY
life occurs in stages depending on changing roles, relationship internal values, goals achievement, adaptation to life changes
LIFE COURSE/ LIFE SPAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Successful aging involves positive coping with functional losses
OPTIMIZATION-COMPENSATION THEORY
guiding framework for older adults with physical impairment and disability
FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES THEORY (Miller)
Aging well or successfully means adaptive to cumulative
physical and functional changes
THEORY OF SUCCESSFUL AGING (Flood)
Harmony between individual, environment & personal
relationships
thoery of thriving (haight)
