THEORIES OF AGING Flashcards
about the physiological processes that occurs to all organisms that age
BIOLOGIC THEORIES
Occurs randomly and accumulative overtime
STOCHASTIC
Aging is predetermined and timed phenomena
NONSTOCHASTIC
What are the 4 types of Stochastic theory
- Error Theory
- Free Radical Theory
- Cross-linkage Theory
- Wear and Tear Theory
- Originally proposed in 1963
- Errors in the transcription in the DNA causing enzyme or protein duplication as not exact compromising its functional ability.
ERROR THEORY
It is the byproduct of metabolism and can increase environmental pollutant.
This can accumulate and damage cell membrane.
Use of antioxidants to counter.
FREE RADICAL THEORY
Connective tissues or Glycosylation Theory
Proteins becomes tangles and will accumulate overtime causing tissue to not function optimally.
Can be prevented by dietary restrictions.
CROSS-LINKAGE THOERY
Proposed in 1882
Deterioration of cells due to overtime use.
WEAR AND TEAR THEORY
What are the 3 types of Nonstochastic Theories
- Programmed Theory
- Immunity Theory
- Gene/Biological Clock Theory
Cells have a certain number of times they can divide. Once it reached its limit, signs of aging will be evident.
Also known as “human fibroblast replicative senescence model”
PROGRAMMED (HAYFLICK LIMIT) THEORY
Diminution of the immune system cause by lower rate of T-cells.
This causes adults to be predisposed to diseases.
IMMUNITY THEORY
“Genetic control theory”
- Cells have genetically programmed aging
code stored in organism’s DNA
GENE / BIOLOGICAL CLOCK THEORY
Affects the hypothalamus and hormones in the body by decline or cessation.
NEUROENDOCRINE CONRTOL
Basic Metabolic Rate is directly affected by age. Organisms with higher metabolic rate will have a shorter lifespan.
METABOLIC THEORY OF AGING (CALORIC RESTRICTIONS)
The cells or mitochondrion will not produce the same level of energy. Also, as they deteriorate they may be harmful to our body.
MITOCHONDRIAL THEORY
When the telomere, which protects the ends of the DNA, thins our or shortens, this will cause signs of agings.
TELOMERASE THEORY OF AGING
This directly affects the hormones due to Thymic shrinking.
THYMIC-STIMULATING THEORY
Decreased consumption of O2 due to the pituitary gland. This inhibits the thyroxine use that impacts calcium production.
DEATH HORMONE THEORY
This explores the interrelationships, physical, political, environmental, and socioeconomic states.
SOCIOLOGIC THOERIES OF AGING
Give the 7 Sociologic Theories
- Disengagement Theory
- Activity Theory (Developmental Task)
- Subculture Theory
- Gerotranscendence Theory
- Continuity Theory
- Age Stratification Theory
- Person-Environment Fit Theory
Cumming and Henry - 1961
Older people tend to withdraw from society and wants to take things “slow”.
DISENGAGEMENT THEORY
Havighurst, Neugarten, Tobin ~1963
Activity is necessary to maintain life satisfaction and a positive self-concept.
ACTIVITY THEORY (DEVELOPMENTAL TASK THEORY)
Rose- 1965
Older people tend to group together due to their commonalities they experience.
SUBCULTURE THEORY.
Tornstam- 1994
Elders form a more rational outlook on life by using their life experiences. They are more concerned about maintaining relationships and their unity with the universe.
GEROTRANSCENDENCE THOERY
A person will be the same throughout their life with the additional personal characteristics they developed as they age.
CONTINUITY THEORY
Riley - 1985
Cohorts due to their age and stratified by class; age, race, and status.
AGE STRATIFICATION THEORY
Lawton - 1982
Competencies to deal with the environment from motor skills to cognitive skills.
PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT THEORY
This theories tackles the mental, emotional, attitude, motivational, and personality changes shaped by culture and experiences.
PSYCHOLOGIC THEORIES OF AGING
Give the 6 theories under Psychologic Theory
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs
- Jung’s Theory of Individualism
- Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life
- Peck’s Expansion of Erikson’s Theory
- Selective Optimization with Compensation
- Life-Course/Lifespan Development Theory
1954
How humans achieve self-actualization or transcendence by moving up stages.
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS
1960
Self-realization is the goal of personality development. As we age, we become a more spiritual being.
JUNG’S THEORY OF INDIVIDUALISM
1993
These are the stages of life where we accomplish developmental tasks or resolve self-crises. Continued development of humans.
ERIKSON’S EIGHT STAGES OF LIFE
Expansion of a theory by body and ego transcendence.
PECK’S EXPANSION THEORY
Baltes- 1987
A person will find compensation for physical or cognitive decrease by selection, optimization and compensation.
SELECTIVE OPTIMIZATION WITH COMPENSATION
Role expectations or commonalities in a similar age group. Adapting to changes as we age.
LIFE-COURSE/LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Human beings seek to explain and validate their existence in the
world. For many individuals, this occurs through their
development as moral and spiritual thinkers.
MORAL AND SPIRITUAL
