theories NC

Question 1

Burns

Answer 1

• mechanistic and organismic systems

Question 2

mechanistic management system

Answer 2

• burns
• rigid, hierarchical, stable, bureaucratic
• efficient in stable conditions but struggles in dynamic environments

-rules and top-down communication. loyalty to superiors

Question 3

ambiguous figure system

Answer 3

• leaders bypass hierarchy to deal directly with lower-level employee
• response to mechanistic system (burns)

Question 4

mechanistic jungle

Answer 4

• creation of excessive bureaucratic layers to address communication gaps
• response to mechanistic system (burns)

Question 5

super-person/committee system

Answer 5

• committees are formed to avoid assigning responsibility, leading to inefficiency
• response to mechanistic system (burns)

Question 6

organismic systems

Answer 6

• burns
• flexible, adaptive, collaborative. good for changing environments
• decentralized authority, knowledge throughout the organization.
• lateral communication (peer-to-peer)
• prioritizes external expertise and innovation over rigid internal loyalty

Question 7

challenges of organismic systems

Answer 7

• requires strong communication, trust, and commitment
• demand employees to go beyond their specific roles

Question 8

Taylor

Answer 8

• scientific management and modern implications
• improve productivity and efficiency
• focus: standardization, specialization, data-driven performance measurement
• today: effective in technical and repetitive tasks and foundation framework

Question 9

Taylor’s four principles

Answer 9

• development of science for each task: standardize tasks for consistency and efficiency
• scientific selection and progressive development of workers: match employees to roles based on strengths
• cooperation between management and workers: collaboration but maintain control
• equal division of work and responsibility: separate planning (managers) and execution (workers)

Question 10

Taylor limitations

Answer 10

-specialization limitation: neglects the need for multi-skilled and adaptable workers

• rigid hierarchies:limited autonomy
• focus on financial motivation: ignore other motivators
• outdated division of work

Question 11

fayol

Answer 11

• administrative approach
• manage process as a whole
• organizing as engineering (“organization as a machine”)
• his principles remain foundational

Question 12

weber

Answer 12

• types of authority (traditional, charismatic, legal)
• bureaucracy theory

Question 13

traditional authority

Answer 13

power derived from customs and longstanding traditions

Question 14

charismatic authority

Answer 14

power based on a leader’s personal appeal and influence

Question 15

legal authority

Answer 15

power rooted in established laws and rules, foundational for modern bureaucracies