Theories/MI/Pos. Psych/Etc. Flashcards
What are types of reflections with MI?
Simple - repeat and rephrase and
Complex:
Amplified, alongside, double sided, metaphor, shifting focus, reframing, agree w/ a twist, emph. personal choice, siding w/ the negative, reflection of feeling
https://cls.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3019/2018/09/Types-of-Reflections.pdf
Patient activation and engagement models
Patient Health Engagement Model
four positions along a continuum of engagement (i.e. blackout; arousal; adhesion; eudaimonic project). These engagement positions result from the conjoint cognitive (think), emotional (feel), and conative (act) involvement of individuals in their health management.
Patient Activation Measure
Patient Activation Measure is an interval-level, unidimensional Guttman-like measure that contains items measuring self-assessed knowledge about chronic conditions, beliefs about illness and medical care, and self-efficacy for self-management.
What is the PHE?
The Patient Health Engagement Model (PHE Model) is an internationally validated and published psychological engagement model (Graffigna, Barello et al., 2014) that allows to diagnose and study the experience of active engagement of patients in its prevention and treatment pathway.
What are 3 types of goals?
Process/Behavior/Procedural - higher control
Performance/Standard
Outcome/Result - lower control
- based on level of control
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5854216/
TTM/Stages of Change
Pre cont - raise awareness - no interest in changing
Cont - resolve ambi/ help choose change - intend change w/in 6 months
Prep - choose change strategies - act w/in one month
Action - implement strategies and reduce barriers - change less than 6 months
Maint - new skills to support change - more than 6 months
TTM Interventions
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Specific-intervention-strategies-for-each-stage-of-the-Transtheoretical-Model-of-Behavior_fig1_262402966
What are the 3 needs of SDT?
relatedness, autonomy, competence
Social Determination Theory
Psychological Needs
Self-determination theory suggests that all humans have three basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—that underlie growth and development.
Autonomy refers to feeling one has choice and is willingly endorsing one’s behavior. The opposite experience is feeling compelled or controlled in one’s behavior.
Competence refers to the experience of mastery and being effective in one’s activity.
Finally, relatedness refers to the need to feel connected and a sense of belongingness with others.
The social environment (e.g., family, friends, co-workers, health care professionals, culture, etc.) can promote or get in the way of people’s strivings by the extent to which they support a person’s basic psychological needs.
Autonomy is supported by attempting to grasp and acknowledge the person’s wishes, preferences and perspectives, conveying understanding of their point of view, providing a rationale for engaging in a behavior, and providing choice in how to behave. Supporting someone’s autonomy also means refraining from trying to control or pressure them to act in a certain way.
Competence is supported by providing the person with optimal challenges and opportunities (specific goals that are challenging enough, but not overwhelming), encouraging their sense of initiation (try it out!), providing structure (for example, evidence-based health recommendations) to mobilize and organize behavior and providing relevant feedback.
Finally, relatedness is supported when others are involved and show interest in the person’s activities, are empathic in responding to their feelings and convey that the person is significant, cared for, and loved.
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/community-health/patient-care/self-determination-theory.aspx#:~:text=Self%2Ddetermination%20theory%20suggests%20that,that%20underlie%20growth%20and%20development.
Wellness-Illness Continuum
https://www.thewellspring.com/wellspring/introduction-to-wellness/357/key-concept-1-the-illnesswellness-continuum.cfm.html
Premature Death
Disability
Symptoms
Signs
Treatment Paradigm - only left of neutral
Neutral Point
Awareness
Education
Growth
Wellness Paradigm - throughout
High Level Wellness
What are the 4 processes of MI?
The 4 Processes include Engaging, Focusing, Evoking, and Planning
What is SCT?
KAREN GLANZ, in Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease, 2001
A. Social Cognitive Theory
Social cognitive theory, the cognitive formulation of social learning theory that has been best articulated by Bandura [24, 25], explains human behavior in terms of a three-way, dynamic, reciprocal model in which personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior continually interact. Social cognitive theory synthesizes concepts and processes from cognitive, behavioristic, and emotional models of behavior change, so it can be readily applied to nutritional intervention for disease prevention and management. A basic premise is that people learn not only through their own experiences, but also by observing the actions of others and the results of those actions [14].
What are the main constructs of SCT?
https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/sb/behavioralchangetheories/behavioralchangetheories5.html
Reciprocal Determinism - This is the central concept of SCT. This refers to the dynamic and reciprocal interaction of person (individual with a set of learned experiences), environment (external social context), and behavior (responses to stimuli to achieve goals).
Behavioral Capability - This refers to a person’s actual ability to perform a behavior through essential knowledge and skills. In order to successfully perform a behavior, a person must know what to do and how to do it. People learn from the consequences of their behavior, which also affects the environment in which they live.
Observational Learning - This asserts that people can witness and observe a behavior conducted by others, and then reproduce those actions. This is often exhibited through “modeling” of behaviors. If individuals see successful demonstration of a behavior, they can also complete the behavior successfully.
Reinforcements - This refers to the internal or external responses to a person’s behavior that affect the likelihood of continuing or discontinuing the behavior. Reinforcements can be self-initiated or in the environment, and reinforcements can be positive or negative. This is the construct of SCT that most closely ties to the reciprocal relationship between behavior and environment.
Expectations - This refers to the anticipated consequences of a person’s behavior. Outcome expectations can be health-related or not health-related. People anticipate the consequences of their actions before engaging in the behavior, and these anticipated consequences can influence successful completion of the behavior. Expectations derive largely from previous experience. While expectancies also derive from previous experience, expectancies focus on the value that is placed on the outcome and are subjective to the individual.
Self-efficacy - This refers to the level of a person’s confidence in his or her ability to successfully perform a behavior. Self-efficacy is unique to SCT although other theories have added this construct at later dates, such as the Theory of Planned Behavior. Self-efficacy is influenced by a person’s specific capabilities and other individual factors, as well as by environmental factors (barriers and facilitators).
WHAT IS POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY?
Positive Psychology is the scientific study of human flourishing, and an applied approach to optimal functioning. It has also been defined as the study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals, communities and organisations to thrive (Gable & Haidt, 2005, Sheldon & King, 2001).
What are 4 major aims of Positive Psych?
FOUR OF THE MAJOR AIMS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY:
Rise to life’s challenges, make most of setbacks and adversity
Engage and relate to other people
Find fulfillment in creativity and productivity
Look beyond oneself and help others to find lasting meaning, satisfaction, and wisdom (Keyes & Haidt, 2004)
What is appreciative inquiry?
Appreciative Inquiry is an asset-based approach to organizational and social engagement that utilizes questions and dialogue to help participants uncover existing strengths, advantages, or opportunities in their communities, organizations, or teams
What are the 5 D’s of AI?
- Definition (Clarifying)
The definition phase establishes the scope and goals of the inquiry. Importantly, AI emphasizes a positive, solutions-oriented approach to defining the process. AI begins with positive, asset-based framing questions to determine what’s already working in a community, organization, or team. - Discovery (Appreciating)
By beginning with positively framed questions, participants discuss and come to appreciate what’s already working. ‘let go’ of analyses of deficits and systematically seek to isolate and learn from even the smallest wins.” - Dream (Envisioning)
AI asks participants to consciously envision a preferred future that is grounded in past successes but imaginatively and creatively unrestrained. - Design (Co-Constructing)
While participants imagined possibilities in the Dream stage, they start to assemble the practical elements of a plan in the Design stage. - Deliver/Destiny (Innovating)
In his original formulations of the model, Cooperrider called this final step Deliver, but later changed it to Destiny because, according to Gervase Busche (2011), “Delivery evoked images of traditional change-management implementation.”
Elicit - Provide - Elicit Sandwich
Ask - Offer/Tell - Ask
Open ended questions on both ends
- start with finding out what they know or want to know
Ask permission!
provide: short, sweet, concise info
- how resonate? what are your thoughts? out of what I shared, what stuck out? what if anything like to try?
not overwhelm client!
