Chronic Conditions Flashcards
Metabolic Syndrome
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metabolic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351916
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels.
How Diagnose Metabolic Syndrome?
We defined metabolic syndrome using the criteria and definition published in the joint scientific statement on metabolic syndrome (18). These criteria defined metabolic syndrome as present when 3 of these 5 components are present:
1) elevated waist circumference (≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men),
2) elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) or drug treatment for elevated triglycerides,
3) low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women) or drug treatment for low HDL cholesterol,
4) elevated blood pressure (systolic ≥130 mm Hg, or diastolic ≥85 mm Hg, or both) or antihypertensive drug treatment for a history of hypertension, and
5) elevated fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL) or drug treatment for elevated glucose
Body Habitus types
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/body-habitus?lang=us#:~:text=Body%20habitus%20indicates%20the%20body,and%20radiation%20dose%201%2C2.
Sthenic
Also known as average, mesomorphic. It is a moderately heavy build
Asthenic
Also known as very slender, ectomorphic. It is a frail build
Hyposthenic
intermediate between the sthenic and asthenic body habitus types also known as slender
similar to asthenic but the stomach, intestines and gallbladder are situated relatively higher in the abdomen
Hypersthenic
Also known as endomorphic. It is a largerbuild
Harvard Healthy Eating Plate vs. My Plate
https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/healthy-eating-plate-vs-usda-myplate/
Healthy grains, Healthy proteins, Oil, water, stay active
Physical Activity
For substantial health benefits, adults should do at least 150 minutes (2 hours and
30 minutes) to 300 minutes (5 hours) a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes
(1 hour and 15 minutes) to 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) a week of
vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of
moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity. Preferably, aerobic activity
should be spread throughout the week.
Additional health benefits are gained by engaging in physical activity beyond
the equivalent of 300 minutes (5 hours) of moderate-intensity physical activity
a week.
Adults should also do muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or greater
intensity and that involve all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week, as
these activities provide additional health benefits.
https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-10/PAG_ExecutiveSummary.pdf
What are the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) Position Stand?
The Position Stand is designed to: 1) answer specific scientific and/or clinical question(s), 2) to provide an overall summary of the literature and strength of the evidence, 3) to provide evidence-based recommendations to support decision making, and 4) to identify gaps in knowledge for topics within ACSM’s portfolio of priority areas and initiatives.
An ACSM Position Stand is an official pronouncement, developed using a specified evidence-based methodology, on significant societal issues that merit interdisciplinary consideration and consensus within the College. Joint Position Stands are similar to ACSM Position Stands, but are developed in concert with at least one other not-for-profit organization or governmental agency.
https://www.acsm.org/education-resources/pronouncements-scientific-communications/position-stands
Blood Pressure Types
Systolic blood into arteries (heart contracts) - 120 = normal
Diastolic blood in arteries b/w heartbeats (heart relaxes) - 80 = normal
hypertension diagnosis
normal: S = 120 or lower (90) AND D = 80 or lower
pre hypertension/elevated: S = 120-129 AND D = less than 80
hypertension stage 1: S = 130-139 or higher OR D = 80 -89
hypertension stage 2: S = 140 or higher OR D= 90 or higher
hypertensive crisis: S = higher than 180 AND/OR D = 120 or higher
Treatment for Hypertension?
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Beta Blockers
What is diabetes?
A chronic condition that affects how your body turns food into energy
Blood sugar is impacted by….
ANY carbohydrates
What are the types of Diabetes?
prediabetes - blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to yet be diagnosed with diabetes
Type 1 - autoimmune disease, must inject insulin
Type 2 - most common, body doesn’t use insulin properly
Gestational
AIC Diabetes Diagnosis
A1C
Normal - less than 5.7%
Prediabetes -5.7% to 6.4%
Diabetes - 6.5% or higher
FPG Diabetes Diagnosis
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Normal
less than 100 mg/dL
Prediabetes
100 mg/dl to 125 mg/dL
Diabetes
126 mg/dL or higher
OGTT Diabetes Diagnosis
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Normal
less than 140 mg/dL
Prediabetes
140 to 199 mg/dL
Diabetes
200 mg/dL or higher
BMI ranges
weight/height
Underweight - less than 18.5
Normal - 18.5-24.9
Overweight - 25-29.9
Obese - 30-34.9
Extremely obese - over 35
WHP
waist circumference/ hip circumference
Abdominal Obesity
Subcutaneous fat - just below the surface of the skin
Visceral fat - fat in the abdomen, around organs
Cardiovascular disease
the #1 killer in the US
build up of plaque in arteries
CHF
Congestive Heart Failure - enlarged heart, heart too weak to work efficiently
- hypertension
- dyslipidemia
- diabetes
- obesity
Stroke signs
FAST
Face Drooping
Arm weakness
Speech Difficulties
Time To call
Cholesterol Levels
Total - less than 200
HDL - greater than or equal to 60
Fasting triglycerides - less than 150
non HDL Cholesterol - less than 130
LDL Cholesterol - less than: 160 no risk factors, 130 if 2 or more risk factors, 100 if heart disease or diabetes
DASH Diet
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
What is the leading cause of preventable death?
Tobacco use
