Theories in Counselling Flashcards
Psychodynamic Theories
Psychoanalysis
Individual Psychology
Analytic Psychology
Psychoanalysis - Theorist
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis
to restructure the personality through the resolution of intrapsychic conflicts, Making the unconscious conscious
Pschoanalysis - Techniques
- Free Association
* Dream analysis
Individual Psychology - Theorist
Alfred Adler
Individual Psychology
to gain an understanding of the clients and assess why they behave and think in certain ways.
People, according to Adler, need to be reoriented to be socially interested.
Individual Psychology - Techniques
- Style of life analysis
* Spitting in the client’s soup
Analytic Psychology - Theorist
Carl Jung
Analytic Psychology
aims for individuation and client wholeness (acceptance of one’s over-all personality, the good and bad parts)
Analytic Psychology - Techniques
- Dream analyses
* Word association
Experiential Theories
Person-centered theory
Gestalt
Person-centered theory - Theorist
Carl Rogers
Person-centered theory
If some conditions are set in the counseling relationship, then the client can move towards self-actualization. (These conditions are shown in the techniques section)
Person-centered theory - Techniques
- Counselor congruence
- Empathic understanding
- Unconditional positive regard
Gestalt - Theorist
Fritz & Laura Perls
Gestalt
Focuses on the here and now. The goal is awareness on the environment, of responsibility for choices, self, and self-acceptance
Gestalt - Techniques
- Empty chair technique
* Assuming responsibility
Cognitive-Behavioral Theories
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Transactional Analysis
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy - Theorist
Albert Ellis
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
It presupposes that outcomes or feelings are a product of thinking, which when clients have irrational beliefs, they lead to problematic consequences. Uses the ABCDE model (Do additional research for this model)
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy - Techniques
- Cognitive techniques
- Emotive techniques
- Behavioral techniques
Cognitive Therapy - Theorist
Aaron Beck
Cognitive Therapy
The focus of this is dysfunctional thoughts. Does not invalidate beliefs like REBT, but just investigates the whether the belief is useful or not.
Cognitive Therapy - Techniques
- Decatastrophizing
* Decentering
Transactional Analysis - Theorist
Eric Berne
Transactional Analysis
Assists clients to become autonomous, self-aware, spontaneous, and have the capacity for intimacy. Assesses transactions between people.
Transactional Analysis - Techniques
- Structural analysis
* Transactional analysis
