Theories and Concepts Flashcards
Interactional language
- Informal speech
- Has a social function
- Purpose=develop relationships between speakers
Referential
- Provides the listener with information
- Used to refer to objects or abstract concepts
- Speaker assumes knowledge from the listener
- Listener has to understand the context before they can understand the references
Expressive
- Highlights the speaker emotions, feelings and attitudes
- Language shows the speakers judgement/ feelings about another person, event or situation
Transactional
- Getting information or making a deal
- Has a specific purpose, so its driven by needs and wants rather than sociability
Photic
It’s used for social purposes rather than to convey serious meaning
- It could be a way of initialling consolation
- Usually called small talk
Speech Act
Suggests that grammatical form doesn’t always correspond to its function
- Form vs. Function
- Sentence vs. Utterance
- Sense vs. Force
Inference
This is what the listener/reader understands or guesses in the given context
This is generally based on the interpretation of the speech act itself
Implicature
What the speaker/writer is implying
Presupposition
This is what is already known or assumed
Grices Maxims Quantity
Give The most helpful amount of information
Grices Maxims Relevancy
What you saying we need to be relevant to that I’m going context of the conversation
Grices Maxims Manner
You should avoid any ambiguity and be orderly in your utterances
Grices Maxims Quality
You should be truthful and not say anything you suspect to be false
Influential Power
Used for persuading people in advertising and speech
Tells people to adapt certain ideas, behaviours, attitudes, etc without use of force
Synthetic personalisation
The process of addressing mass audiences as though they are individuals through inclusive language use
