Theories Flashcards
SYSTEMS THEORY
Systems theory states that individuals are in continual interaction with their environment and that part within a system are interrelated.
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY
1st. Physiological Needs: breathing, food, water, shelter, clothing, sleep.
2nd. Safety Needs: health, employment, property, family, and social stability.
3rd. Social Needs: love and belonging, friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection.
4th. Esteem Needs: Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of other, the need to be a unique individual.
5th. Self-Actualisation: morality, creativity, spontaneity acceptance, and expense purpose. ,
CLOSED SYSTEM
uses up it’s energy and dies.
DIFFERENTIATION
becoming specialized in structure and function.
ENTROPY
Closed, disorganized, stagnant; using up available energy.
EQIFINALITY
Arriving at the same end from different beginnings.
HOMEOSTASIS
Steady state
INPUT
Obtaining resources from the environment that are necessary at attain the goals of the system.
NEGATIVE ENTROPY
Exchange of energy and resources between systems that promote growth and transformation.
OPEN SYSTEM
A system with cross boundary exchange.
OUTPUT
A product of the system that exports to the environment.
SUBSYSTEM
A major component of a system made up of two or more independent components that interact in order to attain their own purpose(s) and the purpose(s) of the system in which they are embodied.
SUPRA SYSTEM
An entity that is served by a number of component systems organized in interacting relationships.
THROUGHPUT
Energy that is integrated into the system so it can be used by the system to accomplish its goals.
FAMILY THEORIES
Theoretical and therapeutic base for dealing with family related situations; it is also useful in understanding and managing individual problems by determining the extent to which such problems are related to family issues.
CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE
The collection of skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgment and mastery of social conventions.
STRATEGIC FAMILY THERAPY
A social worker initiates what happens during therapy, designs a specific approach for each person’s presenting problem, and takes responsibility for directly influencing people.
STRUCTURAL FAMILY THERAPY
Stresses the importance of family organization for the functioning of the group and the well-being of its members.
DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES
Characterized by either a pattern of rigid enmeshment or disengagement.
Interpersonal boundaries define individual family members and promote their differentiation and autonomous, yet interdependent functioning.
FAMILY BOUNDARIES WITH OUTSIDE WORLD
Boundaries with the outside works define the family unit, but boundaries must be permeable enough to maintain a well-functioning open system, allowing contact and reciprocal exchanges with the social world.
FAMILY HIERARCHY
Hierarchical organization in families of all cultures is maintained by generational boundaries, the rules differentiating parents and child roles, rights, and obligations.
GROUP THEORIES
In group work, individuals help each other in order to influence and change personal, group, organizational and community problems.
THERAPEUTIC GROUP
A therapeutic group provides a unique microcosm in which members, through the process of interacting with each other, gain more knowledge and insight into themselves for the purpose of making changes in their lives.
PSYCHODRAMA
This is a treatment approach in which roles are enacted in a group context. Members of the group re-create their problems and devote themselves to the role dilemmas of each member.
STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
- Pre affiliation- development of trust (known as forming)
- Power and control- struggles for individual autonomy and group identification (known as storming)
- Intimacy- utilizing self in service of the group (known as norming)
- Differentiation- acceptance of each other as distinct individuals (known as performing)
- Separation/ termination- independence (known as adjourning)
GROUPTHINK
This is when a group makes faulty because of group pressures.
GROUP POLARIZATION
This occurs during group decision making when discussion strengthens a dominant point of view and results in a shift to a more extreme position than any of the members would adopt on their own.
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES
Psychodynamic theories explain the origin of the personality.
Many different theories exist
All emphasize unconscious motives and desires as well as the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality.
SIGMUND FREUD
originally developed psychoanalytic theories.
Id, Ego, Super-ego
Levels of awareness: Unconscious, conscious, preconscious.
FREUD’S THREE LEVELS OF AWARENESS
The Conscious
The Pre/conscious
The Un/conscious
FREUD’S COMPONENTS OF A PERSONALITY
ID
EGO
SUPER-EGO
FREUD:
THE CONSCIOUS
The conscious contains all the information that a client is paying attention to at any given time The conscious
FREUD:
THE PRECONSCIOUS
The preconscious contains all the information outside of a client’s attention but readily available if needed- thoughts and feelings that can be brought into conscious easily
FREUD:
THE UNCONSCIOUS
The unconscious contains thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories of which clients have no awareness but that influence every aspect of their day-to-day lives.
FREUD:
ID
The Id is the reservoir of instinctual energy that contains biological urges such as impulses towards survival, sex, and aggression. The is is unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle.
FREUD:
PLEASURE PRINCIPAL
The pleasure principal is the drive to achieve pleasure and avoid pain.
FREUD:
EGO
The ego manages the conflict between the I’d and the constraints of the real world. Some parts of the ego are unconscious, whereas others are preconscious or conscious. The ego operates according to the reality principle. The ego’s role is to prevent the id from gratifying it’s impulses in socially inappropriate ways.
FREUD:
REALITY PRINCIPLE
Reality principle is the awareness that gratification of impulses has to be delayed in order to accommodate the demands of the real world.
FREUD:
EGO-SYNTONIC
Behavior’s “in sync” with the ego. Actions resulting in no guilt.
The ego is comfortable with its conclusion and behaviors.
FREUD:
EGO- DISYTONIC
Behavior “disnsync” with the ego resulting in guilt.
Inability of the ego to reconcile the demands did the id, the superego, and reality produces conflict that leads to a state of psychic distress and external stress.
FREUD:
SUPER-EGO
The superego is the moral component of personality. It contains all the moral standards learned from parents and society.
FREUD:
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT.
Believed that personally solidifies during childhood, before the age of 5.
FREUD:
FIVE STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
The oral stage
The anal stage
The phallic stage
The latency stage
The gentian stage
