theories Flashcards
Need achievement theory
groups athletes into two categories
Nach (need to achieve)
Naf (need to avoid failure)
achievement goal theory
states three factors affect motivation
achievement goals, perceived ability and achievement behaviours. These interact to form a athletes elvels of motivation. Goals include outcome orientated goals (competitive goals) and goals include taks orientated goals (mastery goals)
self determination theory
states there are basic psychological needs that need to be met to ensure motivation
competence - our perception we can successfully complete a task
autonomy - our perception that we have choice or control over events
relatedness - our perception of beloning to others
WEINERS ATTRIBUTION THEORY
states that there a three factors to how people explain failures/successes
stability - how stable the reason
causality - if the reason is external or internal
control - if the reason is under that athletes control
banduras social learning theory
suggests personality if not stable.
modelling - when individuals try emulating others around them
reinforcement - when taht behaviour is reinforced/rewarded
drive theory
arousal-performance relationship is linear
inverted U
performance increases as arousal does up until an optimal point, any arousal increase past this optimal point leads to a gradual fall off of performance
catastrophe theory
suggests performance only looks inverted U shaped with low cognitive anxiety. With high cognitive anxiety performance increases as arousal does up until optimal, any increase past optimal will lead to a catastrophic decline in performance
IZOF
expands on inverted U and states it is different for different athletes
multidimensional anxiety theory
suggests somatic and cognitive anxiety can affect performance differently. Cognitive anxiety decreases performance and somatic increases performance in an event. But in the buildup to an event slightly elevated cognitive anxiety increases performance
reversal theory
suggests perception of anxiety is what makes anxiety affect performance negatively or positively.
instinct theory
suggests we have instinct to be aggro which builds up until we release it. (little to no research supporting it)
social learning theory of aggression
suggests aggression is a behaviour which is learnt by observing others and experiencing reinforcements
frustration aggression theory
aggresion comes from being frustrated by lack of achieved goals/blocked progress
vealeys multidimensional model of sport confidence
four main components
1. constructs of sport confidence (skills which increase confidence, decision making, physical, anticipatory, and capacity to learn and devvelop)
2. sources of sport confidence (mastery, demonstration, physical and mental prep, physical presentation, trusting coaches, vicarious experiences, seeing others do well, environmental comfort and situational favourableness)
3. conseqeunces, higher performance likely and higher enjoyment
4. factors; personality, demographics, and organisational structures
