Factors

Question 1

Types of Motivation

Answer 1

Extrinsic, Intrinsic, Amotivation

Question 2

Factors affecting Motivation

Answer 2

Climate; mastery or competitive
personality; Introvert or extrovert
physical environment

Question 3

Signs of over-motivation

Answer 3

overtraining, training addiction, social withdrawal

Question 4

factors that affect arousal

Answer 4

competitive pressure, personality, anxiety

Question 5

signs of high arousal

Answer 5

cognitive; attentional narrowing
Performance; overall increase, potential for choking

Question 6

stress types

Answer 6

ustress (good) and distress (bad)

Question 7

stress causes

Answer 7

internal; illnesses, cognitive anxiety, insufficient sleep, being a perfectionist
external; environment (too noisy too quiet), negative social interactions, bad journey to game, major life event death etc

Question 8

four stage process of stress

Answer 8

1. some form of environmental, physical or psychological demand is placed on the athlete
2. athlete perceives it positively or negatively. depending on how it’s perceived it will affect performance
3. perception increases arousal levels on the performer and initiates a stress response
4. outcome of performance will likely affect the athletes perception of a similar demand the next time they experience a similar situation

Question 9

4 types of anxiety

Answer 9

Trait; related to personality, normal part of a individuals pattern of behaviour
state; temporary, not related to personality and is a emotional response to any situation considered threatening
Cognitive; negative thoughts, nervousness or worry experience in certain situations
somatic anxiety; increased hr and br, sweating, more body head

Question 10

competitive anxiety

Answer 10

tense and inadequate in response to a competitive situation. Normally caused by fear of failure

Question 11

symptoms of anxiety

Answer 11

increased cortisol which can impare recovery and increase risk of injury
feeling worried and a lack of concentration
increased pulse rate and blood pressure and muscle tension

Question 12

three kinds of aggression include

Answer 12

hostile, instrumental, relational

Question 13

assertive behaviour is:

Answer 13

• goal directed
  -not intended to harm or injure
• only used within rule boundaries of the game
  -only uses legitimate force

Question 14

instrumental aggression (channeled)

Answer 14

displays of aggressive behaviour in the pursuit of a non aggressive goal. eg MMA and boxing

Question 15

hostile aggression

Answer 15

aggression with the sole intent of harming or injuring an opponent

Question 16

relational aggression

Answer 16

non physical form of aggression usually aimed at causing psychological harm. forms include, rumour spreading, formation of social cliques, over social media it is also conducted

Question 17

self confidence

Answer 17

psychological state empowered by the athletes belief in their ability to perform and achieve specific outcomes. usually built during training

Question 18

self efficacy

Answer 18

athletes belief in their ability to successfully complete a set task

Question 19

high self esteem

Answer 19

associated with higher levels of leadership and resilience. MOre likely to approach challenges and therefore likely to be more successful in their chosen sport

Question 20

low self esteem

Answer 20

associated with high levels of anxiety, and being more maladaptive. Overall less successful in their sport than a high self esteem player

Question 21

mindset groups

Answer 21

growth, fixed

Question 22

growth

Answer 22

thinks they can be better
see failure as an oppertunity to grow, don’t shy away from challenges, openly discuss weaknesses in their performance. Thrive during tough times
often more successful in their chosen sport
high level of resilience

Question 23

fixed

Answer 23

thinks their talent is set at the current bar for life
see failure as disaster, don’t discuss performance weaknesses. Though times lead to drop outs and motivation decrease. Often less successful in their sport
low level of resilience

Question 24

talent vs effort

Answer 24

fixed; think their talent is static and there is no need for a great deal of effort
growth; great emphasis on learning and development and about the journey of self-improvement

Question 25

10k hour of practice

Answer 25

outdated theory that elite level skills require 10k hours of practise to master

Question 26

learned helplessness

Answer 26

Once athletes have failed they feel a situation is out of their control in Dweck’s research children categories with learned helplessness had performance levels that reduced as they were less likely to solve problems after experiencing failure even when the problems were identical to those solved before the failure.

Question 27

resilience

Answer 27

determines how well you can deal with difficult circumstances

Question 28

burnout

Answer 28

chronic physical and mental state that shows a reduced sense of accomplishment a devaluing/resentment of your sport. physical and cmotional exhaustion

Question 29

dysfuntional perfectionism (maladaptive)

Answer 29

means athletes will try to achieve the unachievable. athletes who have this often suffer from depression and a lower self esteem

Question 30

functional perfectionoism (adaptive)

Answer 30

highly motivated athletes who achieve high levels in sport or exerc9ise. Fucntional perfectionism usually allows athletes to gain pleasure from pursuing challenging goal. without risk of damaging self esteem

Question 31

teo types of sports teams are

Answer 31

interactive teams and coactive teams

Question 32

interactive teams

Answer 32

members interact and coordinate with each other in order to achieve a successful performance. eg football

Question 33

coactive teams

Answer 33

no direct interaction between team members during performance. Members are requierd to achieve success in their individual games/events/performances
eg. gymnastics

Question 34

social loafing

Answer 34

when group members do not put max effort in as their efforts are overshadowed by others and they loose motivation. Often happens when the team gets so big that members see themselves as dispensible

Question 35

task cohesion

Answer 35

how well team members work together to achieve common goals and objectives. It can help create an effective team climate as high levels of task cohesion are usually associated with higher levesl of team role acceptnace

Question 36

social cohesion

Answer 36

how much team members tend to like each other. Has potential to enhanve the team climate as more socially cohesive teams tend to provide greater levels of social support.

Question 37

democratic leadership style

Answer 37

make decisions only after consulting group members. Relaxed and informal approach to leadership

Question 38

autocratic leadership style

Answer 38

firm views about how to do stuff and are inflexible. Don’t consult team prior to decision making

Question 39

emergent leader

Answer 39

achieve leadership status by gaining respect and support of the gropu. These leaders achieve their status through showing specific leadershpi skill or being skilful at their sportr

Question 40

prescribed leader

Answer 40

appointed by some form of higher authority