Factors Flashcards
Types of Motivation
Extrinsic, Intrinsic, Amotivation
Factors affecting Motivation
Climate; mastery or competitive
personality; Introvert or extrovert
physical environment
Signs of over-motivation
overtraining, training addiction, social withdrawal
factors that affect arousal
competitive pressure, personality, anxiety
signs of high arousal
cognitive; attentional narrowing
Performance; overall increase, potential for choking
stress types
ustress (good) and distress (bad)
stress causes
internal; illnesses, cognitive anxiety, insufficient sleep, being a perfectionist
external; environment (too noisy too quiet), negative social interactions, bad journey to game, major life event death etc
four stage process of stress
- some form of environmental, physical or psychological demand is placed on the athlete
- athlete perceives it positively or negatively. depending on how it’s perceived it will affect performance
- perception increases arousal levels on the performer and initiates a stress response
- outcome of performance will likely affect the athletes perception of a similar demand the next time they experience a similar situation
4 types of anxiety
Trait; related to personality, normal part of a individuals pattern of behaviour
state; temporary, not related to personality and is a emotional response to any situation considered threatening
Cognitive; negative thoughts, nervousness or worry experience in certain situations
somatic anxiety; increased hr and br, sweating, more body head
competitive anxiety
tense and inadequate in response to a competitive situation. Normally caused by fear of failure
symptoms of anxiety
increased cortisol which can impare recovery and increase risk of injury
feeling worried and a lack of concentration
increased pulse rate and blood pressure and muscle tension
three kinds of aggression include
hostile, instrumental, relational
assertive behaviour is:
- goal directed
-not intended to harm or injure - only used within rule boundaries of the game
-only uses legitimate force
instrumental aggression (channeled)
displays of aggressive behaviour in the pursuit of a non aggressive goal. eg MMA and boxing
hostile aggression
aggression with the sole intent of harming or injuring an opponent
relational aggression
non physical form of aggression usually aimed at causing psychological harm. forms include, rumour spreading, formation of social cliques, over social media it is also conducted
self confidence
psychological state empowered by the athletes belief in their ability to perform and achieve specific outcomes. usually built during training
self efficacy
athletes belief in their ability to successfully complete a set task
high self esteem
associated with higher levels of leadership and resilience. MOre likely to approach challenges and therefore likely to be more successful in their chosen sport
low self esteem
associated with high levels of anxiety, and being more maladaptive. Overall less successful in their sport than a high self esteem player
mindset groups
growth, fixed
growth
thinks they can be better
see failure as an oppertunity to grow, don’t shy away from challenges, openly discuss weaknesses in their performance. Thrive during tough times
often more successful in their chosen sport
high level of resilience
fixed
thinks their talent is set at the current bar for life
see failure as disaster, don’t discuss performance weaknesses. Though times lead to drop outs and motivation decrease. Often less successful in their sport
low level of resilience
talent vs effort
fixed; think their talent is static and there is no need for a great deal of effort
growth; great emphasis on learning and development and about the journey of self-improvement
10k hour of practice
outdated theory that elite level skills require 10k hours of practise to master
learned helplessness
Once athletes have failed they feel a situation is out of their control in Dweck’s research children categories with learned helplessness had performance levels that reduced as they were less likely to solve problems after experiencing failure even when the problems were identical to those solved before the failure.
resilience
determines how well you can deal with difficult circumstances
burnout
chronic physical and mental state that shows a reduced sense of accomplishment a devaluing/resentment of your sport. physical and cmotional exhaustion
dysfuntional perfectionism (maladaptive)
means athletes will try to achieve the unachievable. athletes who have this often suffer from depression and a lower self esteem
functional perfectionoism (adaptive)
highly motivated athletes who achieve high levels in sport or exerc9ise. Fucntional perfectionism usually allows athletes to gain pleasure from pursuing challenging goal. without risk of damaging self esteem
teo types of sports teams are
interactive teams and coactive teams
interactive teams
members interact and coordinate with each other in order to achieve a successful performance. eg football
coactive teams
no direct interaction between team members during performance. Members are requierd to achieve success in their individual games/events/performances
eg. gymnastics
social loafing
when group members do not put max effort in as their efforts are overshadowed by others and they loose motivation. Often happens when the team gets so big that members see themselves as dispensible
task cohesion
how well team members work together to achieve common goals and objectives. It can help create an effective team climate as high levels of task cohesion are usually associated with higher levesl of team role acceptnace
social cohesion
how much team members tend to like each other. Has potential to enhanve the team climate as more socially cohesive teams tend to provide greater levels of social support.
democratic leadership style
make decisions only after consulting group members. Relaxed and informal approach to leadership
autocratic leadership style
firm views about how to do stuff and are inflexible. Don’t consult team prior to decision making
emergent leader
achieve leadership status by gaining respect and support of the gropu. These leaders achieve their status through showing specific leadershpi skill or being skilful at their sportr
prescribed leader
appointed by some form of higher authority
