Theories Flashcards
Solution Focused Therapy
What are the tx goals of SF tx?
Implement small and lg changes to achieve their future goals using current strengths and resources
Solution focused
Common interventions with SF tx?
- Exception questions
- Miracle Questions
- Scaling questions
- Pre-supposing change
- Coping questions
- Affirmations and compliments
What is the beginning phase of tx for SF tx?
find strengths, evision future, goals
solution focused
What is the end of SF tx?
help them find things they can do to continue their positive changes, identify hurdles/barrier in the future and plan for them
solution focused
What is the middle phase tx for SF?
identify resources and traits they already use to solve problems, exceptions to the problem, scaling questions, provide positive feedback to clt
Psychodynamic
What is the role of a psychodynamic therapist?
establishing holding environment to develop a secure attachment. nondirective role
psychodynamic
What is the beginning phase of tx for psychodynamic?
Establishing holding environment, building rapport, exploring clt’s experience, empathy, interpretation, maintaining neutrality
psychodynamic
What is the middle phase of tx for psychodynamic?
promoting insight and growth, increasing individuation, work thru termination and abandonment issues
psychodynamic
End phase of psychodynamic
Clts are ready to terminate when they put new insights into action
psychodynamic tx goals
psychodynamic tx goals
uncovering and interpreting unconscious impulses and defenses. including relationships, attachmemts, and how they are projected onto current relationships
helping clt understanding the influence the past has on present
enhance self esteem
Allow them to access painful feelings/memories in safety to resolve inner conflict
psychodynamic
psychodynamic interventions
Observe and reflect clt bringing past issues into therapeutic relationship
avoid being brought into countertransference maladative patterns
interpreting transference
object relations
OR tx goals
providing reparative experiences
gaining insight into past relationships impacting fx
improving relationships with self and others
object relations
when two contradictory states (love and hate) are compartmentalized and not integrated
The concept of splitting
object relations
The process in which a person will project a thought or belief that they have onto a second person. The secondary person is then changed by the projection and begins to behave as tho they are actually charcterized by those thoughts or beliefs that were projected
projective identifcation
General system theory
What is the role of the therapist in general systems theory
Help the family explore:
belief systems and values
rules and roles
family hiearchy
expectations
defense mechanisms
general systems theory
Main concepts to remember in general systems
- people seek homeostasis and resist change, often using negative feedback loops
- wholeness: the idea that all of the units combined are greater than the sum of the parts, individuals and their interactions have an effect on the system as a whole
- First order changes: surface level, bx based, don’t change much
- second order changes: deeply affect the rules and systems of the organization
systems theory
tx goals for system theory
- move to equilibrium
- healthier interactions
- challenging beliefs
- individuals understand their roles in any given dynamic
- increase empathy among inidividuals in unit
- correcting problematic feedback loops
systems theory
common interventions for systems theory
- observe feedback loops
- exploring family rules, values, heirachy, expectations
- reframe issues from one person to the whole family
- explore each person’s role in the dynamic
- challenge communication patterns
bowen
What the the main point of bowen’s theory?
change occurs thru understanding multignerational dynamics and diffentiation
bowen
tx goals for bowen
- reduce anxiety and emotional turmoil
- self-differentiation
- improve communcation skills
- decrease reoccurence of dysfunctional patterns
- reduce emotional reactivity
- facilitate detriangulation
bowen
Key concepts for bowen
- triangles
- differentiation of individuals
- multigenerational transmission process
- fixing emotional cutoffs
- genograms
- interrupting arguments
- teaching i statements
- bibliotherapy
bowen
beginning phase for bowen
genogram, assess individuals differentiation/triangualtion, patterns massed down multi-generationally
bowen
middle phase bowen
teach and model differentiation thru communcation skills building, de-triagulation, reunitification, responsibility taking for thoughts and feelings
bowen
end phase bowen
family can review skills and knowledge gained in therapy
stategic
theory of change in strategic
change occurs thru action oriented directives and paradoxical interventions
strategic
tx goals for strategic
- solve presenting issue
- change dysfunctional patterns of interaction
strategic
key interventions in strategic
- paradoxical interventions
- positioning
- homework
- prescribing the problem
- restraining
- ordeals
strategic
beginning phase of strategic
define the problem, determine how clt udnerstands the issue, assess destructive patterns of engaging with issue, state goals, determine what bxs need to change and how we would know if they did change
strategic
middle phase of tx strategic
review attempted solutions, assign ordeals, prescibe the issue, relable the bxs and ask family to respond to problem in new way
strategic
end phase of tx strategic
plan for maintaining new bxs, plan for future changes, emphasize positive changes made
satir/communications
Theory of change for satir
Change happens thru self-awareness and improved communication. Humanistic.
satir
tx goal for satir
clt to increase congruent communication, improve self-esteem/confidence
satir
Interventions for satir
- identifying communcation styles and everyone’s role in the family
- family life chronology
- family sculpting
- taking responsibility
- metaphors and storytelling
- transforming rules to less ridgid guidelines
satir
beginning phase of tx for satir
establish rapport, a sense of equality and hope, assess communication patterns, identifying tx goals
satir
middle phase of tx satir
increase family congruent communcation, support and strengthen each individual’s sense of uniqueness and self-esteem
satir
end phase of tx for satir
help family practice, implement, and integrate changes, and increase awareness of larger family patterns
CBT
Theory of change for CBT
Change occurs by learning to modify dysfunctional thought patterns. Once a clt understand the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and bxs, they are able to modify or change patterns they use the cope with stressors
cbt
goals for CBT tx
- clts learn negative patterns of thoughts, evaluate their validity, and replace them
- sxs are relieved
- develop positive coping skills
cbt
key interventions for CBT
- negative cognitive triad (view of self, world, future)
- schemas
- socratic questioning
- homework
- exposure
- downward arrow
- three column technique and thought record
CBT
Beginning phase of CBT
establish relationship, functional analysis, define issue, orient to CBT, set goals collaboratively
CBT
Middle phase of CBT
identify negative thought patterns, uncover schemas, homework, monitor moods, reframing, practice new skills and bxs
CBT
end phase of CBT
review gains, indentify skills learned, rehearse for new situations, anticipate future set-backs
clt centered
theory of change for clt centered
change occurs by creating conditions for the clt to grow thru and therapeutic relationship with the presence of thee essential components: congruence/geniune, unconditional positive regard, and empathy
clt centered
tx goals for clt centered
- self acceptance
- congruence between idealized self and actual self
- increasing self-understanding
- secreased defensiveness, insecurity, guilt
- more positive relationships and comfort with others
- increased ability to experience and express here and now feelings
Gestalt
Theory of change for gestalt
change occurs thru increased awareness of the here and now experience in a dialogic relationship. existential and humanistic
gestalt
tx goals for gestalt
the goal is for clt to become aware of what they are doing, how they are doiing it, how they change themselves, and learning to accept and value themselves
gestalt
Key concepts for gestalt
- exploring experience by description and abstraining from interpretation
- allowing ther clt to be the expert
- experiements
- here and now focus
gestalt
key interventions for gestalt
- empty chair
- experiments
- body awareness
- focus on the process (how things are said)
existential
Theory of change for existential
change occurs thru finding philosphical meaning in the face of anxiety by choosing to think and act authentically and responsibly. The core question asked is “how do i exist in the face of uncertainty, conflict, or death?”
existential
Tx goals for existential
- clt discovers their own life meaning
- clt confronts anxiety inherent in living
- clt experiences agency and responsibility in the construction of your life
Existential
Key concepts for existential
- all persons capacity for self awareness
- we must all accept responsibility for freedom
- meaning of life is never fixed
- anxiety if part of being human
- death gives meaning to life
existential
key interventions for existential
- moment to moment process
- talking/telling/naming the emotional pain
- honoring the pain and celebrating the meaning
narrative
Theory of change for narrative
Change occurs by seperating the person from the problem and creating a new narrative that emphasizes the individual’s competencies and strengths
narrative
tx goals for narrative
- understanding the problem saturated story and externalize the issue
- deconstuct problem saturated story in order to create healthier ones
- bring awareness to strengths
- increase clt’s sense of control in direction of life
narrative
Key concepts for narrative
- externalizing issues
- looking for unique outcomes
- enlisting a witness
- creating written artifact
narrative
Beginning phase of narrative
clt is invited to share their problem saturated story
narrative
middle phase narrative
problem gets externalized, mapping influence of problem on their life, explore unique outcomes, reathor new story, enlist witness
narrative
end phase narrative
create written artifact, document and support new narrative, write letters to self and others
structural
Theory of change in structural family tx
change occurs thru restructuring the family’s organization
structural
tx goals of structural
1.restructure the family system so that they can work thru issues and have sxs relief
2.change dysfunctional patterns and creatw new ways of relating to one another
3.flexible boundaries
structural
Key concepts for structural
- subsystems (ex: martial subsystem in family)
- alliances/coallitions
- family map (not shared with family)
- fixing boundaries
5.
structural
common interventions in structural
- joining and memesis with family
- unbalancing the family
- refaming issues
- enactment of issues in session
- boundary making
structural
beginning phase of tx in structural
Join with family; both accommodate to and challenge rules of family system;
assessment/mapping of hierarchy, alignments, and boundaries; reframing of problem to include
whole system.
structural
middle phase of tx structural
Highlight and modify interactions; utilize enactments of issues to challenge participants
and unbalance the system.
structural
end phase of tx
Review progress made; reinforce structural change; provide tools for future.
